注意对无意识习得性恐惧加工的调节作用
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 吴禧芊
|
| 答辩日期 | 2024-06 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 张西磊 |
| 关键词 | 无意识恐惧 注意 情绪通路 头皮脑电 颅内脑电 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 健康心理学 |
| 其他题名 | The modulating effect of attention on unconscious learned fear processing |
| 中文摘要 | Facing the complex visual inputs, attention helps the brain select certain information and process it thoroughly. While a large body of research focuses on attention's role in selecting conscious information, the regulation of attention on unconscious information processing has been relatively overlooked. However, only a small portion of the information received by the brain enters consciousness, with the majority being processed unconsciously. Understanding the mechanisms through which attention regulates unconscious processes can contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying consciousness and the relationship between attention and consciousness. Among the myriad of visual information, fear signals hold significant survival importance for humans, as they can activate the human alarm system, prompting individuals to enter an alert state to deal with potential dangers and threats. Excessive and uncontrolled unconscious processes, such as unconscious fear, may lead to mental disorders like anxiety and phobias. Research on attention's regulatory role in these unconscious processes may inspire the development of new intervention methods. With this in mind, this study focuses on researching unconscious fear as a typical unconscious process, aiming to clarify whether attention is a necessary condition for the expression of unconscious fear. In this study, firstly, through classical conditioning, a specific orientation of red-green gratings is paired with an electric stimulus to establish a link, designating it as the conditioned fear stimulus (CS+), while gratings oriented vertically and not linked to fear serve as the unconditioned stimulus (CS-). Secondly, using flash suppression, red-green gratings with opposite phases are alternately presented at a frequency of 37.5 Hz to render the orientation information invisible, causing participants to perceive the stimulus as a uniform yellow disk. Finally, different experimental tasks are set up to manipulate the level of attention participants pay to the stimulus, including a counting task (directing attention to a fixation point), a duration task (focusing attention on the fused grating stimulus), and an orientation task (as a consciousness detection procedure). Scalp electroencephalography (EEG) was used to record the electrophysiological activity elicited by unconscious fear stimuli under different attention conditions. Building upon scalp EEG experiments, intracranial EEG was used to collect brain activity of epilepsy patients undergoing the same experimental paradigm, analyzing the response sequence of the amygdala, pulvinar, and visual cortex to unconscious fear stimuli under different attention conditions to investigate the neural mechanisms of unconscious fear processing and its attention dependency. In study 1, we found that CS+ and CS- induced electrical activity in the visual area was significantly different when attention resources were sufficient: CS+ induced a stronger visual area response than CS- in 196-432 ms and 536-1100 ms, and the occipital area also showed stronger activity in the early processing stage of emotion (80-140 ms). When attentional resources are directed towards duration task unrelated to the CS stimuli (thus placing both CS+ and CS- in an unattended condition), there is no significant difference in the visual area activity induced by CS+ and CS-. The experimental results suggest that attention is a necessary condition for the expression of unconscious fear; only with sufficient attentional resources can fear cues presented consciously in the visual area elicit fear responses. Further research confirms this finding, showing that both the activity in the visual cortex and the key brain region involved in emotion processing, the amygdala, require attentional resources. Under attentional conditions, significant differences in visual cortex event-related potentials (iERP) are observed between CS+ and CS- in the time windows of 208-327 milliseconds and 779-894 milliseconds; when using the SVM model for classification of amygdala iERP signals, the accuracy is significantly higher than the random level in the time windows of 751-806 milliseconds and 1140-1200 milliseconds. Conversely, no significant unconscious fear responses are observed under unattended conditions. This study highlights the role of attention in unconscious emotional processing, indicating that unconscious emotional processing is not entirely automatic. It provides insights into understanding the relationship between consciousness and attention and offers avenues for developing treatment methods for mental disorders caused by excessive unconscious fear. |
| 英文摘要 | 面对纷繁的视觉输入，注意帮助大脑选择某些信息并进行充分加工。大量 的研究关注注意对意识上信息的筛选，相对忽视了注意对无意识信息加工过程 的调节作用。然而大脑接收的信息只有少数能够进入意识，大部分被无意识加工，揭示注意调节无意识过程的机制有助于充分理解意识产生机制及注意与意 识的关系。在众多视觉信息中，恐惧信号对人类具有重要的生存意义，它可以 激活人类的警报系统，使人类进入警觉状态以应对潜在的危险和威胁。过度而 不受控制的无意识过程（如无意识恐惧）可能导致焦虑症、恐怖症等精神障碍， 研究注意对这些无意识过程的调节作用也有可能为开发新型干预手段提供启发。 鉴于此，本研究针对无意识恐惧这一典型的无意识过程开展研究，试图明确注 意是否是无意识恐惧表达的必要条件。 在本研究中，首先，通过经典条件反射，使特定朝向的红绿光栅与电刺激 建立联结，将其作为习得性恐惧刺激（CS+），与之竖直且未建立恐惧联结的朝 向的光栅作为非条件化刺激（CS-）；其次，使用闪光融合，以 37.5HZ 的频率 交替呈现反相位的红绿光栅使朝向信息不可见，被试将该刺激知觉为均匀的黄 色圆盘。最后，设置不同的实验任务，操纵被试对该刺激的注意水平，任务包 括计数任务（将注意力指向注视点）、时长任务（将注意力指向融合后的光栅 刺激），朝向任务（作为意识检测程序）。研究一使用头皮脑电技术比较了在不 同注意条件下无意识恐惧刺激在视觉区引起的事件相关电位（ERP）。研究二在 头皮脑电实验的基础上，使用颅内脑电收集癫痫患者在进行同一个实验范式时 的脑活动，通过分析不同注意条件下，杏仁核、丘脑枕以及视觉皮层对无意识 恐惧刺激的响应先后顺序，探讨无意识恐惧加工的神经机制以及注意依赖性。 通过研究一，我们发现注意资源充足时，CS+和 CS-引起的视觉区脑电活 动存在显著差异：在 196-432 毫秒以及 536-1100 毫秒内，相对于 CS-，CS+引 起了更强的视觉区响应，情绪的早期加工阶段（80-140 毫秒）枕叶区也表现 出更强的活动。当注意资源被引导向与 CS 刺激无关的计时任务（从而使 CS+ 和 CS-都处于不注意条件），CS+和 CS-引起的视觉区活动没有显著差异。实验 结果提示我们，注意是无意识恐惧表达的必要条件；只有提供充足的注意资源，意识下呈现的恐惧线索才能在视觉区表达恐惧反应。研究二进一步证实了这一 发现，视觉皮层以及情绪加工关键脑区杏仁核的活动都需要注意资源。在注意 条件下，CS+和 CS-引起的视觉皮层 iERP 存在显著差异的时间窗口为 208-327毫秒、779-894 毫秒；使用 SVM 模型对杏仁核 iERP 信号进行分类，准确率显著高于随机水平的时间窗口为 751-806 毫秒、1140-1200 毫秒。相反，在不注意条件下未观察到显著的无意识恐惧反应。 本研究证明了注意在无意识情绪加工中的作用，表明无意识情绪加工并非完全自动化的过程，为理解意识和注意的关系提供了参考，有望为开发因过度 无意识恐惧引起的精神障碍的治疗方法提供新思路。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/47967]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_健康与遗传心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 吴禧芊. 注意对无意识习得性恐惧加工的调节作用[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2024. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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