依恋安全削弱风险行为及其内在神经机制
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 王贝依
|
| 答辩日期 | 2024-06 |
| 文献子类 | 博士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 吴丽丽 |
| 关键词 | 依恋安全 风险行为决策 选择评估 结果反馈加工 事件相关电位 (Event-related potentials, ERPs) |
| 学位名称 | 理学博士 |
| 学位专业 | 应用心理学 |
| 其他题名 | The Influence of Attachment Security on Risky Behavior and its underlying Neural Mechanisms |
| 中文摘要 | Attachment theory emphasizes that early human interactions with attachment figures result in different attachment styles, which in turn influence an individual's cognition, emotions, and behaviors. Attachment security as a predictor has been examined for its impact on risky behavior. However, most studies mainly employ selfreported risk-taking tendencies, whereas risky behavior could involve a dynamic multistage process. Therefore, the current study adopted a behavioral decision-making paradigm and event-related potentials (ERPs) technique to explore the dynamic process of attachment security affecting risky behaviors. This study primarily focused on the choice assessment stage and the outcome evaluation stages. Study 1 used simple gambling task to explore the effects of attachment security on risky behavior and outcome feedback evaluation. Experiment 1 showed that (1) attachment security significantly reduced individuals' high-risk behaviors. This was demonstrated by that participants in the attachment security priming group selected less risky choices than those in the control group. (2) attachment security priming attenuated affective responses to negative outcomes. This was demonstrated by that participants exposed to attachment security primes exhibited attenuated FRN amplitude than those in the control group. Experiment 2 manipulated outcome expectancy and variance to explore the effects of attachment security on risky behaviors in a more ecological validity paradigm, as well as to validate the effects of attachment security on outcome sensitivity. Results showed that (1) attachment secure priming reduced individuals' outcome sensitivity compared to control priming. (2) attachment secure priming reduced individuals' tendency to consistently pursue positive feedback. This was demonstrated by that compared to control priming, attachment security priming increased the number of times an individual switched to a low-risk option after positive feedback. The two experiments in Study 1 revealed that attachment security reduces risky behaviors and decreases the tendency to persistently pursue rewards, while attachment security priming buffers affective responses to negative outcomes and increases outcome salience. Study 2 used a variation of the simple gambling task to explore the effects of attachment security on the risky decision making in option assessment phase. Results showed that (1) attachment security priming enabled individuals to be more cautious in their decision making. This demonstrated by the longer the reaction time, the fewer high-risky behaviors were manifested in the secure priming group; (2) attachment security increased cognitive control during the option assessment stage. This was demonstrated by the fact that individuals in the attachment security priming group showed larger P3 amplitude before choosing high-risky options; (3) attachment security reduces affective reactions to negative outcomes and increases salience of the outcomes. This was demonstrated by that the individuals in attachment security priming group exhibited attenuated FRN amplitude and larger P3 amplitudes than those in control group; (4) single-trial analyses showed that the interaction of attachment security priming and neural response in the option assessment stage/outcome evaluation stage was a significant predictor of risky behavior. Study 2 revealed that attachment security has a significant effect on the process of individual risky behavior. Attachment security first increased individuals' cognitive control during the option assessment stage, followed by decreasing affective responses to negative outcomes while increasing outcome salience during the outcome evaluation stage. Further, investing more cognitive control in the choice phase and increasing the salience of the outcome further motivated individuals to have fewer risky behaviors. Study 3 used the Behavioral Investment Allocation Strategy task (BIAS) to explore the mechanism in attachment security affecting risk behavior and the facilitation of rational decision making. The results showed that (1) attachment security diminishes risky behavior by decreasing risk-seeking bias rather than increasing risk-averse bias. Meanwhile, attachment security promotes individuals to choose more rational options. (2) Attachment security could reduce anticipation to options during option anticipation stage. This was demonstrated by that the participants in attachment security group shower smaller P1 and N1 amplitude during the anticipation stage compared to those in control group. (3) However, attachment security did not appear to have a significant effect on the outcome evaluation stage in the current study. Conclusion: Attachment security could reduce high-risk behaviors by mechanisms that are reflected in both option assessment and outcome evaluation stage. Attachment security induces more cognitive control and deeper processing to be invested before the making a choice. Subsequently, attachment security could mitigate emotional reactions to negative outcomes and increase outcome salience during outcome evaluation stage. Further, attachment security could reduce risky behaviors thought increasing cognitive control during option assessment stage and outcome salience during outcome evaluation stage. |
| 英文摘要 | 依恋理论强调人类早期与依恋对象的互动会形成不同依恋风格，进而影响个 体的认知、情感和行为。已有研究表明，依恋安全作为一种特质或状态，都会削弱风险行为。但是这些研究主要通过自我报告法测量风险行为倾向，忽略了风险行为的发生涉及动态多阶段的过程，因此难以揭示依恋安全削弱风险行为的内在机制。本研究采用行为决策范式结合脑电技术，探究依恋安全削弱风险行为的动 态过程及其内在机制，重点关注依恋安全对风险行为的削弱作用以及对选择评估和对结果反馈加工过程的影响。 研究一采用简单赌博任务，通过两个实验探究依恋安全对风险行为的削弱效应及对结果反馈的影响。实验一结果发现：(1)依恋安全能减少个体的风险行为。相较于控制组，依恋安全启动组会选择更少的高风险选项；(2)依恋安全能削弱个 体对负性结果的情感反应。表现为相较于控制组，依恋安全启动组中，负性结果反馈会诱发更小的 FRN。实验二通过客观操纵结果期望和变异，在更具生态效度的赌博范式下考察依恋安全对风险行为的影响，同时进一步检验依恋安全对结果 敏感性的影响。结果发现：(1)相较于控制组，依恋安全启动能降低个体的结果敏感性；(2)依恋安全启动降低个体持续追求正性反馈的倾向。表现在，相较于控制启动，依恋安全启动能增加个体在正性反馈之后转而选择安全选项的次数。研究 一初步揭示了依恋安全能减少风险行为，降低持续追求奖赏的倾向，同时依恋安全启动能缓冲对负性结果的情感反应，增加结果显著性。 研究二采用简单赌博任务的变式探究依恋安全对选择评估阶段的影响。结果 发现：(1)依恋安全启动能使个体在决策时更加谨慎。相对控制组，依恋安全启动组的个体反应时间更长；(2)依恋安全能提高个体在选择评估阶段的认知控制。表现在依恋安全启动组的个体在选择高风险选项之前会出现更大的 P3；(3)依恋安 全能降低对负性结果的情感反应并提高个体对正负结果的评估。表现在相较于控 制组，依恋安全启动组在结果反馈阶段会诱发更小的 FRN 波幅和更大的 P3 波 幅；(4)单个试次的分析发现依恋安全启动与选择阶段的 N2 和 P3 波幅，以及结果反馈阶段的 P3 波幅交互对风险行为有显著的预测作用。研究二揭示了依恋安 全对个体风险行为的发生过程有显著影响。依恋安全首先在选择评估阶段能增加 个体的认知控制，接着在结果反馈阶段能降低对负性结果的情感反应，同时增加结果显著性。进一步地，选择阶段投入更多认知控制和对结果显著性的增加进一步削弱个体的风险行为。 研究三采用投资分配策略任务(the Behavioral Investment Allocation Strategy, BIAS)，以探究依恋安全对风险行为内在机制及理性决策的促进作用。结果发现：(1)依恋安全降低风险寻求偏差，但并不影响风险厌恶偏差。同时，依恋安全能促进个体选择更多的理性选项。(2)依恋安全能减少个体在选择预期阶段投入注意资源。表现在，相较于控制启动组，依恋安全启动组有更小的 P1 和 N1 波幅。 这一结果揭示依恋安全会促使个体在选择预期阶段对结果会投入较少的预期。 研究结论：依恋安全能削弱个体的风险行为，其机制体现在选择和结果评估 两个过程中。依恋安全会促使在个体作出选择之前投入更多的认知控制和更深的加工。接着，在结果反馈阶段进一步缓解对负性结果的情感反应并增加结果显著 性。进一步地，依恋安全增加认知控制和对结果显著性会进一步减少个体的风险行为。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/47999]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_健康与遗传心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王贝依. 依恋安全削弱风险行为及其内在神经机制[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2024. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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