两类不确定性对创新评价的影响：基于信息差距理论
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 王琢钧 |
| 答辩日期 | 2024-06 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 白新文 |
| 关键词 | 创造力 创新识别 不确定性 信息差距 信息寻求 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 应用心理学 |
| 其他题名 | The effect of uncertainty type on creativity recognition: From the perspective of information gap theory |
| 中文摘要 | People always hold a bias against creativity: decision-makers in organizations often struggle to identify innovative ideas and embrace creative ideas and personnel with true innovative potential. Scholars in the field of creativity recognition has linked this phenomenon to the experience of tensions between novelty and uncertainty. While evaluating creative or innovative ideas, evaluators are faced with highly novel ideas that surpass their current knowledge frameworks. Therefore, they tend to display decision bias during creativity recognition. Despite outwardly expressing an appreciation for creativity, they frequently reject genuinely creative ideas due to the inherent uncertainty. In the process of creativity recognition, decision-makers need to face two types of uncertainty: uncertainty about the future of ideas and uncertainty about the nature of ideas. The novelty inherent in creative ideas not only complicates peoples’ comprehension, but also generates uncertainty regarding the potential value of the idea to the organization in the future. However, less is known about how these two types of uncertainty affect creativity recognition. Drawing on information gap theory, this thesis attempts to explore the impact of uncertainty types on creativity recognition. The study suggests that when faced with uncertainty about the nature of ideas, decision-makers are more likely to engage in information-seeking behaviors to fill the information gap resulting from uncertainty, thereby enhancing their evaluation of creative ideas. Conversely, uncertainty about the future of ideas poses challenges for decision-makers to resolve at the stage of creativity recognition. Therefore, while facing this type of uncertainty, decision-makers are inclined to avoid seeking information, potentially resulting in information deprivation, and reducing decision-makers’ evaluation of creative ideas. This study comprises three experiments to explore the influences of these two types of uncertainty (nature of ideas vs. future of ideas) on decision-makers' creativity recognition, exploring the mediating role of information-seeking behavior and the moderating effect of need for cognitive closure—a personality closely related to information gaps. Through online experiments, Study 1a investigated the main effect of uncertainty types on creativity recognition. And the results of Study 1b supported the moderated mediation hypotheses. Building on Study 1, Study 2 employed laboratory experiments to further explore the underlying mechanisms between uncertainty and creativity recognition. Replicating the results of Study 1a, Study 2 also found the chain mediation effect of information-seeking behavior and positive emotions between uncertainty types and creativity recognition. This study makes several theoretical contributions. Firstly, there is little theoretical and empirical research to distinguish and explore the impact of uncertainty types on creativity recognition. Based on information gap theory, this paper attempts to differentiate between two types of uncertainty which are both vital to creativity recognition, and investigate the impact of these two types of uncertainty on decisionmakers' evaluation of creative ideas. Secondly, this study argues that uncertainty could be a dynamic process, exploring the generation of uncertainty and how decisionmakers' coping with uncertainty affects their creativity recognition. |
| 英文摘要 | 创新识别偏差一直是创新识别领域，乃至于现实生活中也普遍存在的现象： 组织决策者不但难以识别出创新的想法，反而经常错误否决甚至惩罚真正具有创 新潜力的创意或创新人员。创新识别与评价领域的学者普遍认为，创新识别偏差 的根本原因在于创新评价本身就蕴含了极大的不确定性和挑战性——评价者会 依赖既有的认知框架进行判断与决策，但其面对的实则是远超自己现有知识水平 框架的高新颖性创意。正因如此，决策者们在进行创新识别时会产生决策偏差： 表面上他们会声称自己很欣赏创造力和创新，但实际上，对真正有创造力的产品， 他们往往会因为其中所蕴含的不确定性而表示拒绝。 在创新识别过程中，决策者常常需要面对两类不确定性：对创意未来发展的 不确定性以及对创意本身理解的不确定性。创新的创意中所蕴含的新颖性，不仅 会给人们理解创意本身，给创意归类增加难度；还会让人们产生对创意未来能否 为组织提供价值产生不确定感。但少有研究关注在创新识别的过程中，两类不确 定性对决策者创新评价的影响。 基于信息差距理论，本研究尝试探索创新识别过程中，两类不确定性对决策 者创新评价的影响。本研究认为：在面对创意本身理解的不确定性时，决策者能 够通过进行信息寻求填补信息差距，减少不确定性，提升对创意的创新评价。而 对于创意未来发展的不确定性，由于这类不确定性在创新识别阶段往往难以得到 解决，所以在应对这类不确定性时，决策者更可能采取回避而非信息寻求的方式。 此时，已有的信息差距无法得到补充，会令决策者产生信息剥夺感，降低决策者 对创意的创新评价。本研究通过三个实验研究，探索两类不确定性（创意本身理 解 vs. 创意未来发展）对决策者创新评价的影响，以及信息寻求行为和积极情绪 体验在其中起到的中介作用。研究一通过线上实验的方式，探究不确定性类型是 否影响决策者创新评价。其中，研究 1a 发现对两类不确定性的关注能够提升决 策者的创新评价；研究 1b 则进一步检验认知闭合需要这一与信息差距关系密切 的人格特质的调节作用，以及信息寻求意向在其中起到的中介作用。研究二在研 究一的基础上，采用实验室实验的方式，继续探索信息寻求行为的中介作用。研 究二不仅重复验证了研究 1a 的实验结果，还发现信息寻求行为和积极情绪在不 确定性类型影响创新评价的过程中起到了链式中介的作用。具体而言，对创意本 身理解不确定性的关注会通过正向影响决策者信息寻求行为，增加其积极情绪体 验，进而提高他们对创意的创新评价。 本研究具有一定的理论贡献。首先，对于创新识别过程中的不确定性，少有 理论和实证研究去区分并探索不同类型不确定性对创新评价的影响。基于信息差距理论，本文尝试在创新识别阶段对两类不确定性线索进行区分，并比较两类不 确定性对决策者创新评价的影响，尝试探索创新识别过程中不确定性的积极面。 其次，和已有研究的静态视角相比，本研究将不确定性视作一个动态的过程，探 究了不确定性的产生，以及决策者对不确定性的应对如何影响创新评价。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/47965]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_社会与工程心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王琢钧. 两类不确定性对创新评价的影响：基于信息差距理论[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2024. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
浏览0
下载0
收藏0
其他版本
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。