抑郁症患者社会学习障碍及其神经基础的计算建模研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 金悦宁
|
| 答辩日期 | 2024-06 |
| 文献子类 | 博士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 周媛 |
| 关键词 | 抑郁症 社会学习 计算建模 强化学习 任务态脑功能影像 |
| 学位名称 | 理学博士 |
| 学位专业 | 应用心理 |
| 其他题名 | Computational Modeling Studies on the Impaired Social Learning in Patients with Major Depressive Disorders and its Neural Basis |
| 中文摘要 | Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental disorder characterized by significant and persistent impairment in psychosocial functioning that continues to exist even after symptom relief. Abnormalities in social interactions constitute an important aspect of psychosocial malfunctioning and are highly heterogeneous in previous studies. MDD patients may show decreased prosocial behavior in some situations and excessive altruism in others. However, factors accounting for a significant proportion of such heterogeneity is still unknown. Theorization on boundary conditions is needed. Moreover, whether common shaping forces underlie abnormal social interactions which exhibited different forms among MDD patients is unknown. The current study focuses on investigating the role of social learning in shaping abnormal social behaviors among MDD. Social learning is inherently embedded in social interaction, as individuals need to observe others' behavior and then decide how to respond. Therefore, understanding the causes of patients' abnormal social interaction behaviors from a social learning perspective is a reasonable direction. Along this line, the current study initiates a series of research questions: Do different manifestations of social interaction disorders stem from the same abnormal social learning mechanism? Would negative biases which are core to depression, shape abnormal social learning mechanisms? How do MDD patients encode the social learning signals (i.e. prediction errors) differently from healthy controls on the neural level? Could cognitive-behavioral therapies effectively change abnormal social learning processes on the behavioral and neural level via alleviating negative biases? The current study addresses these research questions by conducting four studies. Study-1 used meta-analysis to investigate the boundary condition that could effectively distinguish when different forms of abnormal social interactional behaviors among MDD occur. Distinguishing social scenarios into "responsive" and "expressive" categories, I speculate that “responsive” social scenarios are essentially characterized by the non-cooperative advancing over cooperative options among partners’ decision matrices, which induces threat perception over non-cooperative malice towards partners, eliciting a “responsive” process in these social scenes. Individuals would need to evaluate social attitudes expressed by others. This process more involves evaluating on the influence of others on selves. Whereas the opposite is for the “expressive” categories, in which a cooperative or neutral tendency among partners elicit an “expressive” process. Individuals would need to freely express social attitudes via interactional behaviors and more involves evaluation on the influence of selves on others. Study-1 found that compared to healthy controls, MDD patients exhibited decreased prosocial behavior in the "responsive" paradigm and excessive altruism in the "expressive" paradigm, with this classification explaining 54% of the heterogeneity in differences in social interaction behaviors among MDD patients and healthy controls. Study-2 manipulated the initial impressions of partners using the "door paradigm". It initiated an ambiguous impression subtly biasing towards one of positive, neutral or negative direction. After the door paradigms, participants play with partners in three repeated social interaction paradigms. These include two "responsive" paradigm and an "expressive" paradigm. With computational modeling and structural equation modeling methods, I discovered that MDD patients exhibited reduced prosocial behaviors in “responsive” paradigms and excessive altruism in the “expressive” paradigm. Moreover, the different abnormal forms of social interaction behaviors in various paradigms were driven by the same abnormal social learning mechanism - decrease learning from positive social cues and excessive learning from negative social cues. Extracting common variance from the learning rate for gains and the learning rate for losses across paradigms and correlating factors with various measurements on negative thoughts, I found that subject type (MDD/controls) reduced the learning rate for gains and increased the learning rate for losses via the mediation effect of optimism. In Study-3, participants underwent two sessions of task-fMRI scanning while they played the "door paradigm" followed by a repeated trust game where they all played as investors. Through a combination of computational modeling and model-based firstlevel and second-level GLM analysis, I found differences in the modulation of prediction errors on the activation of the anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and cerebellum between MDD patients and healthy controls. In additions, negative thoughts mediated the relationship between subject type and abnormal neural encoding of prediction errors in these four regions. Study-4 compared the changes in symptoms, negative thoughts, social interaction behaviors, social learning and its underpinning neural activities among patients in the treatment effective and non-effective groups before and after a 12-week cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention. I found that patients in the effective treatment group had more severe impairments in social interactional behaviors and social learning in the baseline. However, only patients in the effective treatment group showed significant reduction in negative thoughts post intervention. The direction of change was different among the treatment effective and non-effective group in the modulation of prediction errors on the left inferior parietal lobule/supramarginal gyrus. The magnitude of change on the neural level was related to the degree of symptom alleviation and improvements in negative thoughts. By conducting four studies, the current study contributes to a better understanding about the boundary conditions of different behavioral exhibition of abnormal social interactions among MDD patients and its underlying neural mechanisms. The study gained a better understanding on how abnormal social learning (driven by negative thoughts) shaped various behavioral exhibition of social interactions of MDD, and how CBT could overturn abnormal social learning and the neural encoding of prediction errors. From this, we can development precise treatment strategies for depression, and ultimately improve the quality of life for MDD patients and alleviate disease burden on families and society. |
| 英文摘要 | 抑郁症是一种常见的精神疾病，伴有显著而持久的心理社会功能损伤，且在症状缓解后仍然持续存在。社会交互障碍作为心理社会功能的重要组成部分，在前人研究中发现有高度异质性的表现形式，抑郁症患者在一些场景中表现出亲社 会水平下降，在另一些场景中表现出过度利他。然而,现有研究对于这一异质性的 解释因素理解匮乏，缺乏对于边界条件的理论化梳理以及社会场景的系统性归类; 并且对于不同社会交互障碍行为表现背后的成因理解不足。由于社会学习过程天 然内嵌在社会交互过程中，个体需要观察他人的行为来决定如何回应，因此从社 会学习角度理解患者异常社会交互行为的成因是可行的方向。由此可引发一系列 研究问题：社会交互障碍不同表现形式是否源于同一种异常社会学习机制，以及 抑郁症核心的负性认知模式如何塑造异常的社会学习机制，异常社会学习过程中患者对于预期偏差的神经编码与健康对照有何差异，以及以改善负性认知为核心 的认知行为疗法(Cognitive Behavior Therapy, CBT)能否通过扭转负性认知来有效 缓解社会学习障碍及其背后的神经机制。 围绕这一系列逐层深入的研究问题，研究一通过元分析探究了抑郁症患者的 社会交互障碍存在不同表现形式，并提出以对手占优选项是否为“非利他性”将 社会互动场景分为“回应”类以及“表达”类场景，进而发现抑郁症患者在“回 应”类范式中相比健康对照存在亲社会水平下降，在“表达”类范式中过度利他， 且该划分方法能够解释 54%的患者与健康对照社会交互行为差异异质性。 研究二通过“开门游戏”操纵对手初始印象，让被试对于对手形成微小而归因模糊的正性/中性/负性初始印象，同时构建了个三个重复性社会互动范式，其中包括两个“回应”类范式以及一个“表达”类范式，结合计算建模、结构方程 模型的方法，发现患者在不同范式中的社会交互行为异常表现形式由相同的异常 社会学习机制所驱动，即对正性社会线索的学习下降但对负性社会线索的学习过度。通过提取收益和损失学习率公因子，进一步发现罹患抑郁症通过降低乐观性程度来导致收益学习率公因子降低、损失学习率公因子上升。 研究三使用“开门游戏”结合投资者角色重复信任博弈范式，通过任务态功能磁共振扫描结合计算模型的方法，采用参数分析研究预期偏差对脑功能活动的调节作用，发现前扣带回、背外侧前额叶、中央后回、小脑受预期偏差调节模式在患者及健康对照中存在差异，各类负性认知在罹患抑郁症和患者对预期偏差的异常神经编码之间起到中介作用。 研究四通过比较 12 周 CBT干预前后有效组和无效组患者症状、负性认知、投资者角色重复信任博弈范式中社会交互行为及神经活动变化的异同，发现 CBT治疗有效组患者在基线拥有更高的社会功能损伤以及社会学习障碍；与基线相比，只有有效组患者的负性认知在治疗后得到了有效扭转；左侧顶下小叶/缘上回在 CBT 治疗有效和无效组患者中受预期偏差的调节改变的方向相反，且调节程度 改变与抑郁症状缓解程度以及负性认知缓解程度有关。 通过四项系列研究，本研究增进了 “抑郁症的不同社会交互行为是如何形成的及其背后的神经机制”这一关键科学问题的理解，从负性认知所驱动的社会 学习过程角度促进了对抑郁症社会交互障碍成因的理解，并为理解 CBT对社会学习障碍的影响及其神经机制、发展抑郁症精准治疗策略提供了理论依据，这些 研究发现对于促进抑郁症患者生活质量的提高、减轻家庭和社会负担也有临床意义。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/47988]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_社会与工程心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 金悦宁. 抑郁症患者社会学习障碍及其神经基础的计算建模研究[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2024. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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