负性情绪信息加工的脑电特征对应激反应的预测
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 王晓宇 |
| 答辩日期 | 2024-06 |
| 文献子类 | 博士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 张亮 |
| 关键词 | 负性情绪信息加工 应激 脑电 特里尔社会压力测试 追踪研究 |
| 学位名称 | 理学博士 |
| 学位专业 | 应用心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Predicting Stress Responses from EEG Signatures of Negative Emotional Information Processing |
| 中文摘要 | Stress responses exhibit significant heterogeneity among individuals. A deeper understanding and prediction of these individual differences can aid in the early identification and monitoring of stress-related mental disorders. Numerous studies have confirmed the overlap in neural pathways between stress responses and negative emotional information processing, and preliminary findings suggest that negative emotional information processing can predict stress responses. However, there is a lack of systematic research on the mechanisms of stress responses and negative emotional information processing. This is reflected in two main aspects. First, existing studies have overlooked the dynamic nature of emotional information processing. This dissertation used high temporal resolution electroencephalography (EEG) to measure the temporal processing of negative emotional information, characterizing the individual's negative emotional information processing from three aspects: attentional bias, late processing component, and adaptation. Second, existing research has overlooked the dynamic nature of the effect of stressful events. Most studies have focused on predicting immediate stress responses, ignoring the subsequent effects of stressful events, including post-stress affective recovery and the evolutionarily significant memory of stressful events. Therefore, we first explored whether an individual’s characteristics of negative emotional information processing could predict the immediate response, and recovery from stressful events. Study 3 explored the relationship between immediate stress responses and affective recovery. Study 4 examined the relationship between the characteristics and stressful event memory. Specifically, Study 1 aimed to explore the predictive effect of negative emotional information processing on immediate stress responses. We measured the attentional bias of negative emotional information via the dot-probe task and measured the late processing and adaptation of negative emotional information via the negative picture viewing task. Stress responses were induced using the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Individuals' salivary cortisol, heart rate, negative emotion, and behavioral performance were used as physiological, psychological, and behavioral indicators of immediate stress responses. The study found that attentional bias (N2pc amplitude) and adaptation (the decrease in LPP amplitude) of negative emotional information could predict the change of cortisol in immediate stress responses. Specifically, individuals with a greater N2pc amplitude, indicating stronger attentional bias, exhibited a higher cortisol response; those with a greater reduction in LPP amplitude, indicating stronger adaptation, showed a lower cortisol response. Study 2 aimed to explore the predictive effect of negative emotional information processing on affective recovery after stress. The measurement of negative emotional information processing was the same as above. We employed a 16-day longitudinal study to investigate individuals' responses and recovery from daily stressful events. Over 16 consecutive days, participants reported their negative emotions, physical health status, and daily stressful events every morning and evening, while a wristband recorded their heart rate during sleep. This study found that individuals’ stressful events were significantly associated with their daily negative emotions, physical health status, and heart rate during sleep. More importantly, adaptation of negative emotional information could modulate the relationship between daily stressful events and the next morning’s negative emotion, i.e., the stronger the adaptation effect displayed by individuals in the negative picture viewing task (larger decrease in LPP amplitude), the better their post-stress affective recovery ability. Study 3 integrated and analyzed data on immediate stress responses and post-stress affective recovery, collected through laboratory stimulation and longitudinal study in daily life. This study found that heart rate responses and the change of performance in immediate stress responses were significantly associated with affective responses triggered by daily stressful events. Based on this, the study used machine learning to establish a prediction model for individuals' post-stress affective recovery ability, achieving an accuracy of up to 68.42%. Study 4 aimed to explore the predictive effect of negative emotional information processing on stressful event memory. In this study, we employed the same paradigms to measure the individual differences in EEG signatures. In Study 4, the stress and control groups underwent the classic and the friendly versions of the TSST, respectively. They needed to encode items in the TSST room. This study assessed the memory performance of both groups one week later through free recall, recognition, and sequencing tasks. The results indicated that a stronger attentional bias (N2pc amplitude) was associated with better memory of peripheral items, while a larger amplitude of late processing component (LPP) was correlated with worse memory of central items in the control group. However, no association between negative emotional information processing and event memory was found in the stress group. In summary, this dissertation systematically explored the EEG signatures of negative emotional information processing and stress responses. The results reveal the EEG signatures of negative emotional information processing, particularly adaptation to negative emotional information, can predict not only immediate stress responses but also post-stress affective recovery. These findings further elucidate the connection between neural pathways of emotional processing and the regulation of stress responses, providing empirical evidence for a deeper understanding of the heterogeneity in stress responses. Meanwhile, this dissertation also confirms the practical value of indicators measured in the laboratory, providing a theoretical foundation for screening stresssusceptible individuals and preventing stress-related disorders. |
| 英文摘要 | 应激反应在不同个体之间存在显著的异质性，深入理解与预测这些差异有助于我们更早地识别和监测与应激相关的心理疾病。负性情绪信息加工是预测应激反应的重要变量。已有研究证实了负性情绪信息加工与应激反应存在神经 通路上的重叠，并且初步发现了这一特征可以解释应激反应的个体差异。但对于应激反应与负性情绪信息加工的作用机理尚缺少系统的研究。这主要体现在两个方面：首先，已有研究忽视了负性情绪信息加工的动态性。本论文通过高 时间精度的脑电技术测量负性情绪信息加工的时间进程，从注意偏向、晚期加 工成分及适应三个方面刻画个体的负性情绪信息加工特征。其次，已有研究忽 视了应激事件作用时间的动态性。大部分研究聚焦于对即时应激反应的预测，而应激事件还会带来滞后反应，包括应激后情绪恢复和在进化上有重要意义的 应激事件记忆。基于此，本论文通过前两个研究，在实验室和日常生活中分别 探讨个体的负性情绪信息加工特征是否能够预测应激事件的即时反应和恢复；并通过研究三探索即时应激反应与应激后情绪恢复的关联，以及通过研究四探索这一加工特征与应激事件记忆的联系。 具体而言，研究一旨在探讨负性情绪信息加工对即时应激反应的预测作用。研究一通过点探测任务测量负性情绪信息的注意偏向，以及通过负性图片观看任务测量负性情绪信息晚期加工及适应。本研究使用特里尔社会压力测试诱发应激状态，并以个体的唾液皮质醇、心率、负性情绪及行为绩效作为即时应激 反应的生理、心理和行为指标。研究结果发现，反映负性情绪信息的注意偏向（N2pc 波幅）和适应（LPP 波幅下降量）的神经指标可以预测即时应激反应中的皮质醇变化。具体表现为 N2pc 波幅越大，即注意偏向越强，皮质醇反应越大；LPP 波幅下降量越大，即适应越强，皮质醇反应越小。 研究二旨在探讨负性情绪信息加工对应激后情绪恢复的预测作用。负性情绪信息加工特征的测量方式同上。此外，研究二采用 16 天的日常追踪研究测量个体对日常应激事件的反应与恢复。在连续的 16 天里，被试需报告晨起与睡前 的负性情绪、身体健康状况及当天的应激事件，同时通过手环记录睡眠时的心率变化。研究发现，个体经历的应激事件与当天的负性情绪、身体健康及其睡 眠时的心率显著相关。更重要的是，负性情绪信息的适应可以调节日常应激事件与次日晨起的负性情绪，即个体在负性图片观看任务中表现出的神经适应越 强（LPP 波幅下降量大），个体在经历生活应激事件后的情绪恢复能力也越强。 研究三整合分析了通过实验室模拟和日常追踪采集到的即时应激反应与应激后情绪恢复的数据。研究结果发现，即时应激反应中的心率反应和绩效变化与日常应激事件引发的情绪反应显著相关。在此基础上，本研究采用机器学习， 建立了个体经历生活应激事件后情绪恢复能力的预测模型，模型准确率最高达 68.42%。 研究四旨在探讨负性情绪信息加工对应激事件记忆的预测作用。研究四采 用相同的范式测量被试在脑电特征上的个体差异。在研究四中，应激组和控制 组分别经历经典版和友好版的特里尔社会压力测试，并对测试房间内的物品进 行编码，且在一周后通过自由回忆、再认及排序任务测量各组的记忆表现。研 究结果显示，在控制组中，个体的注意偏向神经指标 N2pc 越大，对周围项目的 记忆越好；个体对负性图片的晚期加工成分（LPP）的波幅越大，对中心项目的记忆反而越差。但是，在应激组中并未发现负性情绪信息加工与应激事件记 忆的联系。 综上所述，本论文系统地探讨了负性情绪信息加工过程的脑电特征与多类 应激反应的关系。研究结果显示负性情绪信息加工的脑电特征，尤其是负性情 绪信息的适应，不仅能够预测即时应激反应，也能够预测应激后情绪恢复。这些研究结果进一步揭示了负性情绪信息加工的神经通路和应激反应调控机制的 联系，为深入理解应激反应的个体差异提供了实验证据。同时，本论文也证实了实验室测量指标在实际生活中的应用价值，为应激易感个体的筛查及应激相关疾病的预防提供了理论依据。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/48003]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_社会与工程心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王晓宇. 负性情绪信息加工的脑电特征对应激反应的预测[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2024. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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