基于特征关系的视觉工作记忆偏差机制
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 张加峰
|
| 答辩日期 | 2024-06 |
| 文献子类 | 博士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 杜峰 |
| 关键词 | 特征 视觉工作记忆偏差 位置混淆 侧抑制 脑机制 |
| 学位名称 | 理学博士 |
| 学位专业 | 应用心理学 |
| 其他题名 | The Mechanism of Visual Working Memory Bias Based on Feature Relationship |
| 中文摘要 | In the real world, objects have all kinds of relationships. When the participants were asked to choose the memory color, direction or size and other features by using the recall task, the features selected by the individuals were either closer to or further away from other features. These two types of memory bias phenomenons are also called memory attraction or memory repulsion. To investigate the causes and corresponding neural mechanisms of this feature-based memory bias phenomenon, the current study has carried eight experiments. Study 1 primarily manipulated consolidation time, thus only two feature space distances were set in Experiments 1 and 2. The results revealed that when memorizing two features, no memory attraction phenomenon occurred. At 2SD0 feature space distance, memory repulsion increased with increasing SOA (150 - 3100 ms); however, memory repulsion at 4SD0 feature space distance remained unaffected by SOA changes. When memorizing four features, memory attraction weakened with increasing SOA (350 - 3100 ms), and memory repulsion was first observed at 5.5SD0 feature space distance. Furthermore, Study 1 did not find any variation in swap errors with increasing SOA; also, in Experiments 1 or 2, there was no significant difference in swap errors between two different feature space distances. Study 2 primarily controlled feature space distance, thus only two consolidation times were set in Experiments 3 and 4. The results showed that when memorizing two features with an SOA of 3100 ms, memory repulsion initially increased and then decreased with increasing feature space distance. Additionally, at an SOA of 150 ms and a feature space distance of 0.5SD0, memory attraction was first observed when memorizing two features. When memorizing four features, there was a consistent trend of decreasing memory attraction and increasing memory repulsion with increasing feature space distance. Furthermore, both experiments in Study 2 found that swap errors did not vary with consolidation time but decreased with increasing feature space distance. Study 3 investigated the process of lateral inhibition using a change detection paradigm. The results showed that reaction times increased and then decreased with increasing feature space distance. Additionally, under the memory matching condition, it was observed for the first time that as the feature space distance increased, accuracy decreased and then increased. Moreover, the strength of lateral inhibition increased with longer consolidation times. Study 4 investigated the neural mechanisms underlying memory attraction and memory repulsion using EEG indexes. In terms of behavioral results, both Experiment 7 and 8 observed memory attraction at a feature space distance of 1.5SD0 and memory repulsion at 5.5SD0. Regarding EEG results, Experiment 7 revealed significant differences in EEG indexes between 1.5SD0 and 5.5SD0 feature space distances, primarily in the frontocentral regions (P200 and P300), occipitalparietal regions (post_LPP), frontal regions (post_δ, pre_θ, and post_θ), right occipital region (post_δ energy), and occipital region (pre_α). However, machine learning classification showed that pre_α in the occipital region had minimal influence. Experiment 8 found that the CDA did not significantly differ across the three feature space distances, but the lateralized alpha power at a feature space distance of 0 was significantly higher than that at 1.5SD0 and 5.5SD0 feature space distances. Based on these results, the following conclusions are drawn in this study: (1) Memory attraction is primarily attributed to positional confusion, remains unchanged with consolidation time, and decreases with increasing feature space distance. Conversely, memory repulsion is achieved through lateral inhibition processes, increases with longer consolidation times, and exhibits an initial enhancement followed by attenuation with increasing feature space distance. (2) The lateral inhibition process in visual working memory has a repulsion direction, and its intensity strengthens with longer consolidation times. (3) The neural mechanisms underlying memory biases are complex. The difference between the two feature space distance conditions which showed memory attraction and memory repulsion can be observed in P200, P300 of the frontocentral region, the post_LPP of the occipitoparietal region, post_δ, pre_θ and post_θ of the frontocentral region, as well as post_δ in the right occipital region. However, CDA and lateralized alpha power do not reflect memory biases, although lateralized alpha energy can reflect the quantity of memorized features. |
| 英文摘要 | 现实世界中的物体总是存在各种各样的关系。当采用回忆任务让被试选择记 忆颜色，方向或尺寸等特征时，个体选择的特征容易接近或者远离其他特征，这两种记忆偏差现象也被称之为记忆吸引或记忆排斥。针对这种基于特征关系的记 忆偏差现象，本研究采用 8 个实验进行系统性地探讨记忆偏差的原因及其对应的 脑机制。 研究一主要对巩固时间进行调控，因而在实验 1 和 2 中只设置两种特征空间 距离。结果发现：记忆 2 特征时没有产生记忆吸引现象，在 2SD0特征空间距离，记忆排斥程度随 SOA(150 - 3100 ms)的增加而增加；4SD0特征空间距离产生记忆 排斥并不随 SOA 发生变化。记忆 4 特征时，记忆吸引程度随 SOA(350 - 3100 ms) 的增加而减弱，并且在 5.5SD0特征空间距离首次发现记忆排斥现象。另外，研究一并没能发现交换错误随 SOA 的增加发生变化；并且在实验 1 或 2 中，两种不同特征空间距离的交换错误也没有显著性差异。 研究二主要对特征空间距离进行调控，因而在实验 3 和 4 中只设置两种巩固 时间。结果发现：记忆 2 特征时，若 SOA 为 3100 ms，随特征空间距离的增加，记忆排斥程度先增大后减小。并且，SOA 为 150 ms，特征空间距离为 0.5SD0时，首次发现了记忆 2 个特征时也能产生记忆吸引现象。记忆 4 个特征时，则较为一 致地表现出随着特征空间距离的增加，记忆吸引越来越弱，记忆排斥越来越强。另外，研究二的两个实验也发现交换错误并不随巩固时间发生变化；但是会随特 征空间距离的增加而减少。 研究三采用变化觉察范式对侧抑制过程进行了研究。结果发现随特征空间距离的增加，反应时先增大后减小。另外在记忆匹配条件中，首次发现了随特征空 间距离的增加，正确率先减小后增大。而侧抑制强度会随着巩固时间的增加而加强。研究四通过脑电指标探索记忆吸引和记忆排斥相对应的脑机制。行为结果上：实验 7 和 8 都发现 1.5SD0特征空间距离产生记忆吸引现象，5.5SD0特征空间距 离表现出记忆排斥现象。在脑电结果上，实验 7 发现 1.5SD0和 5.5SD0特征空间距离能够表现出差异的脑电指标主要有：前中区域的 P200 和 P300，枕顶区域的 post_LPP，前额区域 post_δ，pre_θ和 post_θ，右侧枕叶区域的 post_δ能量以及枕 叶区域 pre_α。但是通过机器学习分类发现枕叶区域 pre_α几乎不起作用。实验 8 则发现：CDA 在三种特征空间距离上差异不显著，但是特征空间距离为 0 的偏 侧化α能量显著高于特征空间距离为 1.5SD0和 5.5SD0条件。 综合这些研究结果，本研究得出以下结论：(1) 记忆吸引主要是由于位置混淆引起，不随巩固时间发生变化，随特征空间距离的增大而减小；而记忆排斥通过侧抑制过程实现，随巩固时间的增大而增大，随特征空间距离先增强后减弱。 (2) 视觉工作记忆中的侧抑制过程具有方向性，表现为排斥，并且其程度随巩固 时间的增加而增强；(3) 记忆偏差脑机制很复杂，前中区域的 P200 和 P300，枕 顶区域的 post_LPP，前额区域 post_δ，pre_θ和 post_θ，以及右侧枕叶区域的 post_δ 能量上能够区分出两种表现出记忆吸引和记忆排斥的特征空间距离条件。CDA 和偏侧化α能量不能反映记忆偏差，但是偏侧化α能量可以反映记忆特征数量。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/48011]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_社会与工程心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张加峰. 基于特征关系的视觉工作记忆偏差机制[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2024. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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