选择及其结果对记忆的影响
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 李雨欣 |
| 答辩日期 | 2024-06 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 刘勋 |
| 关键词 | 选择效应 结果 记忆 动机 事件相关电位 |
| 学位名称 | 应用心理硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 应用心理 |
| 其他题名 | The influence of choice and outcome on memory |
| 中文摘要 | Individuals are faced with many choices in daily life. Previous research has shown that choice enhances individuals' motivation and performance in various tasks. The reason for this widespread motivational effect of choice is that it represents an important form of control that individuals exercise over their environment, satisfying their inherent need for autonomy and decision-making. In recent years, within the realm of memory research, numerous studies have revealed the enhancement of memory effects by choice, known as the effect of choice on memory. When individuals make choices, they inevitably encounter different outcomes, and people tend to make choices because they believe that through their choices, they can control their environment to obtain positive outcomes and avoid negative ones. However, existing research has primarily focused on the effect of choice on memory performance, paying little attention to the outcome of choice. This study aims to investigate how choice and outcomes jointly influence memory. Utilizing behavioral, computational modeling (drift-diffusion model), and electroencephalography (EEG) methods, this study examines (1) whether and how the outcome of choice interact with choice to influence memory (Study 1) and (2) the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the joint influence of choice and outcomes on memory (Study 2). Study 1, through three behavioral experiments combined with the drift-diffusion model, revealed how choice and outcomes jointly influence memory performance. Firstly, when choice led to three emotional outcomes (positive, neutral, and negative, within-subject design), they interactively affected memory performance. Specifically, choice only enhanced memory performance for positive emotional outcomes, with no effect on neutral or negative outcomes (Experiment 1). Furthermore, when only neutral and negative outcomes were present (within-subject design), choice also interacted with outcomes to influence memory performance. Specifically, choice enhanced memory performance for neutral outcomes, with no effect on negative outcomes (Experiment 2). The combined results of Experiments 1 and 2 indicate that the relative emotional valence of choice and outcomes, rather than their absolute valence, interact to affect memory performance. Lastly, when choice outcomes were singular and predictable (neutral and negative outcomes, between-subject design), choice facilitated memory for both neutral and negative outcomes (Experiment 3). The results of Study 1 suggest that under conditions where choice outcomes are unpredictable, the relative emotional valence of choice and outcomes interact to influence memory performance. Study 2 validated the behavioral results of Study 1 and further explore the neurophysiological mechanisms through which choice and outcomes influence memory. Consistent with the results of Study 1, the behavioral results of Study 2 demonstrated that choice opportunities interacted with outcomes to influence memory (positive and negative outcomes, within-subject design, with unpredictable choice outcomes)—choice enhanced memory for positive emotional outcomes, with no effect on memory for negative outcomes. The ERP results of Study 2 indicate that the valence of choice and outcomes interact to influence outcome feedback-related ERP components, including the FRN, P3, and LPP during the memory encoding phase. Specifically, in positive outcomes, choice elicited a lower FRN compared to non-choice conditions, while there was no choice effect under negative outcome conditions; similarly, in positive outcomes, choice elicited larger P3 and LPP, whereas there was no choice effect for P3 and LPP under negative outcome conditions. In conclusion, this study explores how choice and outcomes affect individual memory behavior and neurophysiological mechanisms. Behaviorally, when the outcomes of choices are unpredictable, the interaction between the relative emotional valence of choices and outcomes influences memory—relative to positive emotional outcomes, there is a greater effect of choice on memory; whereas when choices lead to singular and predictable outcomes, choices do not influence memory based on the choice outcomes. Neurophysiologically, the interaction between choice and outcomes (unpredictable outcomes) affects the memory encoding processes of FRN, P3, and LPP—these components exhibit a selection effect in positive outcomes but not in negative outcomes. These findings reveal when and how choice and outcomes interact to influence memory, providing neurophysiological evidence of their interactive influence during memory encoding and offering a new perspective for understanding the relationship between motivation and memory. |
| 英文摘要 | 个体在日常生活中要面临许多选择。以往研究表明，选择提升了个体在各种任务中的动机和表现。产生这种普遍的选择的激励效应的原因是，选择是个体对环境行使控制的重要形式，满足了个体与生俱来的自主决定的需求。近年来，在记忆领域，许多研究揭示了选择对记忆效果的提升，即记忆的选择效应。 个体在进行选择时，往往不可避免会遇到不同的结果，而人们偏好选择是因为个体相信自己能够通过选择去控制自己所处的环境，从而获得正性的结果，回避负性的结果。然而，现有研究主要集中在选择的机会本身对记忆表现的影响，很少关注选择结果。本研究旨在探讨选择和结果如何共同影响记忆。基于行为、 计算建模（漂移扩散模型）和脑电等手段，本研究考察了（1）选择的结果是否 以及如何与选择交互影响记忆（研究一）；（2）选择和结果共同影响记忆的电生理机制（研究二）。 研究一通过三个行为实验，结合漂移扩散模型，揭示了选择和结果是如何共 同影响记忆表现。首先，当选择导致三种情绪结果（正性、中性和负性，被试内 设计）时，选择和结果交互影响记忆表现。具体而言，选择仅增强正性情绪结果的记忆表现，而对中性或负性结果没有影响（实验 1）。此外，当只有中性和负性结果时（被试内设计），选择也与结果交互影响记忆表现。具体而言，选择增强了中性结果的记忆表现，而对负性结果没有影响（实验 2）。综合实验 1 和 2 的结果说明，选择与结果的相对情绪效价而不是其绝对效价交互对记忆表现产生影响。最后，当结果是单一可预测时（中性和负性结果，被试间设计），选择对中性和负性结果的记忆都产生了促进作用（实验 3）。综合研究一的结果说明，在选择的结果不可预测的情况下，选择和结果的相对情绪效价会交互影响记忆效果。 研究二采用脑电技术，对研究一的行为结果进行验证，并进一步探究选择和结果影响记忆的脑电生理机制。与研究一的结果一致，研究二的行为结果显示选择与结果交互影响记忆效果（正性和负性结果，被试内设计，选择结果不可预测） ——选择增强正性情绪结果的记忆表现，而对负性结果的记忆表现没有影响。研 究二的 ERP 结果表明，选择和结果效价交互影响记忆编码阶段中结果反馈相关 的 ERP 成分 FRN、P3 和 LPP。具体而言，在正性结果中，选择比非选择诱发了更低的 FRN，而在负性结果条件下 FRN 没有选择效应；同样，在正性结果中，选择比非选择诱发了更大的 P3 和 LPP，而负性结果条件下，P3 和 LPP 没有选择 效应。 综上所述，本文探讨了选择和结果影响个体记忆的行为和脑电生理机制。在行为上，当选择的结果不可预测时，选择和结果的相对情绪效价交互对记忆产生 影响——相对正性的情绪结果有更大的记忆选择效应；而当选择带来可单一可预测的结果时，选择对记忆的影响跟选择结果无关。在脑电上，选择和结果（不可 预测结果）交互影响记忆编码过程中的 FRN、P3 和 LPP——这三个成分在正性 结果中有选择效应而在负性结果中没有。这些发现揭示了选择和结果何时以及如 何交互影响记忆，并提供了二者在记忆编码阶段交互影响的脑电生理活动证据，为我们理解动机与记忆之间的关系提供了新视角。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/48139]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 李雨欣. 选择及其结果对记忆的影响[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2024. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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