教养方式对 3-8 岁儿童外显问题行为的影响：养育压力的中介作用和儿童气质的调节效应
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 程凤杰 |
| 答辩日期 | 2023-12 |
| 文献子类 | 继续教育硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 李晶 |
| 关键词 | 二元亲子互动编码系统 儿童外显问题行为 教养方式 养育压力 儿童气质 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 发展与教育心理学 |
| 其他题名 | The effects of parenting styles on 3- to 8-year-old children's externalizing problem behaviors |
| 中文摘要 | In recent years, the frequent occurrence of children's externalizing behavior problems has been focused by society and researchers. Children's episodic behavior problems are not inherent but are the result of socialization under the dual effects of demands and pressures they receive in their growing environments. It has been shown that parenting stress is significantly correlated with parenting style, parent-child interactions, and children's behavioral performance; the same parenting style may have different children's behavioral outcomes due to the influence of children's temperament. Based on this, the present study is intended to continue to explore the effects of parenting styles on children's externalizing behavior problems and the mediating and moderating effects of parenting stress and children's temperaments in this relational chain among contemporary subjects in mainland China. In this study, 68 children aged 3-8 years old (58 children non-clinical subjects and 10 children with autism spectrum disorders as clinically symptomatic subjects) and their fathers or mothers were recruited, and parenting styles and children's externalizing behavior problems were objectively assessed by Dyadic Parent-Child Interaction Coding System (DPICS IV), and parenting-reported questionnaires were used to assess children's externalizing behavior problems, parenting stress and child temperament. The pre-experiment was the basic research for the empirical study, i.e., to provide data on the psychometric properties of the subjects in mainland China for Dyadic ParentChild Interaction Coding System (DPICS IV), which is the behavioral observation tool to be used in the empirical study. The empirical study combined the two research methods of parent-child interaction behavior observation and questionnaire survey, as well as ANOVA, correlation analysis, and regression analysis to process and analyze the data, focusing on the influence of parenting styles on children's outwardly problematic behaviors as well as the roles that parenting stress and children's temperaments play in them. The findings of this paper show that: (1) Dyadic Parent-Child Interaction Coding System (DPICS IV) has good psychometric properties for assessing parenting styles, parent-child interaction quality, and children's episodic problem behaviors among 3–8-year-old children in mainland China subjects. The DPICS coding entries (including subcodes and combination codes) selected in this study presented good inter-researcher agreement reliability, both in individual game and across games as well as total behavioral frequency; it can be used to assess and differentiate parent-child interaction qualities and behaviors among ordinary children with different clinical symptoms and varying degrees of problematic behaviors, and it has good discriminant validity. Meanwhile, the coding system has good convergent validity with existing related questionnaires. Children's behavior problems observed through the DPICS system are highly consistent with children's outward problem behaviors reported by parents through the CBCL questionnaire. Parents with higher parenting stress also presented more negative parenting styles in the DPICS parent-child interaction game. (2) Negative parenting styles did not directly affect children's externalizing problem behaviors, and parenting stress fully mediated the relationship between negative parenting styles and children's externalizing problem behaviors. (3) Boys' level of effortful control moderated the path of parenting stress on children's externalizing problem behaviors. Parenting stress significantly predicted children's externalizing problem behaviors when boys' level of effortful control was low, whereas parenting stress did not significantly predict externalizing problem behaviors when boys' level of effortful control was high. None of the moderating effects of the dimensions of girls' temperament traits on this path were significant. In conclusion, the present study found that Dyadic Parent-Child Interaction Coding System (DPICS IV) is an observational tool for parenting styles, children's problematic behaviors, and parent-child interaction qualities applicable to mainland Chinese subjects. Parenting styles acted on children's episodic problem behaviors through parenting stress, with parenting stress acting as a full mediator in this influence pathway, and boys' level of effortful control acting as a moderating effect. The results of this paper reveal that negative parenting styles and parenting stress are risk factors for children's externalizing behavior problems, and boys' level of effortful control moderates this influence pathway. This study provides references and evidence support for further research to promote the quality of parent-child interactions and reduce children's externalizing behavior problems. |
| 英文摘要 | 近年来，儿童外显问题行为频繁发生，愈来愈受到社会和研究者的共同关注。儿童的外显问题行为并不是与生俱来的，而是受到他们在成长环境中接受到的需求和压力的双重作用下的社会化结果。已有研究表明，父母养育压力与教养方式、亲子互动关系和儿童行为表现存在显著相关；因受到儿童气质互动的影响，同样的教养方式可能会有不一样的儿童行为结果。基于此，本研究拟在当下的中国大陆被试中，继续探讨教养方式对儿童外显问题行为的影响，及养育压力和儿童气质在这一关系链中的中介作用与调节效应。 本研究招募了 68 名 3-8 岁儿童（58 名普通儿童，10 名孤独症谱系障碍儿童作为有临床症状的被试）及其父亲或者母亲，通过二元亲子互动行为观察工具 （Dyadic Parent-Child Interaction Coding System , DPICS）客观评估了父母的教养方式和儿童的外显问题行为，采用父母报告的问卷法评估了儿童外显问题行为、父母养育压力和儿童气质。预实验为实证研究的基础研究，即为即将在实证研究中使用的行为观察工具-二元亲子互动行为编码系统第四版（DPICS IV）提供 中国大陆被试的心理测量特性数据。实证研究结合亲子互动行为观察和问卷调查两种研究方法，及方差分析、相关分析、回归分析等进行数据处理和分析， 重点探讨了教养方式对儿童外显问题行为的影响以及养育压力和儿童气质在其中发挥的作用。本文研究结果表明： （1）二元亲子互动编码系统第四版（DPICS IV）在中国大陆被试中，具有良好的心理测量特性，可以用于评估3-8岁儿童父母教养方式、亲子互动质量及儿童外显问题行为等。在本研究所选用的 DPICS 编码条目（包含子代码和组合代码），无论是在单个游戏情境还是在跨情境以及总的行为频次，均呈现了良好研究者间一致性信度；可以用于评估和区分不同临床症状、问题行为程度不同的普通儿童的亲子互动品质和行为，具有很好的区别效度。同时，该编码系统与已有相关问卷具有很好的聚合效度。通过 DPICS 系统观察到的儿童问题行为，与通过 CBCL 问卷父母报告的儿童外显问题行为具有高度一致性。养育压力较高的父母，在 DPICS 亲子互动游戏中，也呈现了更多的消极教养方式。 （2）消极教养方式不直接影响儿童外显问题行为，养育压力在消极教养方 式和儿童外显问题行为间起完全中介作用。 （3）男童气质的努力控制水平调节着养育压力对儿童外显问题行为这一影 响路径。当男童气质的努力控制水平较低时，养育压力可以显著预测儿童的外 显问题行为；而当男童气质的努力控制水平较高时，养育压力对外显问题行为 的预测作用不显著。女童气质特性各维度对这一路径的调节效应均不显著。 总之，本研究发现，二元亲子互动编码系统（DPICS）是一款适用于中国大陆被试的父母教养方式、儿童问题行为和亲子互动品质的观察工具。父母教养方式通过养育压力作用于儿童外显问题行为，养育压力在这一影响路径中起完全中介作用，男童气质的努力控制水平起调节效应。本文结果揭示了消极教养方式和养育压力是儿童外显问题行为的风险因素，而男童气质的努力控制水平调节这一影响路径。本研究为促进亲子互动品质和减少儿童外显问题行为的进一步研究，提供了参考和证据支持。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/48208]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 程凤杰. 教养方式对 3-8 岁儿童外显问题行为的影响：养育压力的中介作用和儿童气质的调节效应[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2023. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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