老年人基本心理需求和婚姻满意度对主观幸福感 的影响及干预研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 王奕隐 |
| 答辩日期 | 2023-12 |
| 文献子类 | 继续教育硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 陈天勇 |
| 关键词 | 老年人 婚姻满意度 主观幸福感 干预研究 自我决定理论 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 健康心理学 |
| 其他题名 | The Influence and Intervention of Basic Psychological Needs and Marital Satisfaction on Subjective Well-being of the Elderly |
| 中文摘要 | Background: Subjective well-being (SWB), as a comprehensive indicator to measure mental health, has been widely used in mental health research of older adults. The influencing factors of subjective well-being are complex, and the intervention is difficult to implement. Social support is a protective factor of subjective well-being that has been proved by many practices, especially social support from spouses. Dealing with the problems between elderly couples and promoting the overall subjective well-being by improving marital satisfaction seems to be an important means to improve the happiness of the elderly. As an important happiness and intervention research theory, self-determination theory conforms to the core requirements of "healthy aging", emphasizing the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence and relationship. The relationship needs of elderly couples are also in line with the relationship needs of significant others. Self-determination theory has been used in various fields, because good intervention effects have been paid attention to by domestic and foreign researchers. There is a good theoretical and practical research basis for formulating intervention programs based on this theory. Objectives: (1) Study I and Study II explore the underlying mechanisms among basic psychological needs, marital satisfaction and subjective well-being. (2) On the basis of the above research, an elderly husband and wife interaction intervention program based on self-determination theory was formed to improve marital satisfaction and subjective well-being through intervention, and its intervention effect was verified. Methods: This study adopted a progressive exploration. (1) Study I was a cross-sectional study.We used multilevel linear growth model to analysis The China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) database to prove the impact of marital satisfaction on subjective well-being and the importance of marital relationship. (2) Study II was a cross-sectional study, using the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness(MUNSH), Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale(BPNS) and compiled the marital quality questionnaire by Norton(1983) to collect and analyze the basic psychological needs, subjective well-being and marital satisfaction of 985 elderly people, and confirmed the mediating effect of marital satisfaction. (3) Study III was a quasi-experimental study, in which the couples interaction program was developed through literature review and classification of self-determined intervention techniques (MBCTs), and the intervention effect was verified by Generalized Estimated Equation (GEE). Results: (1) Study I found that the spouse was an important social relationship for the elderly, and the elderly who lived only with their spouse had the highest well-being; The variable of marital relationship explained 8.49% of the variance of subjective well-being among individuals, and marital satisfaction predicted subjective well-being from both horizontal (β=0.22, pβ=0.21, pCohen's d=0.39, p < 0.001; Ability mean difference =0.77, Cohen's d=0.28, p < 0.001; Relationship mean difference =1.24, Cohen's d=0.51, p < 0.001), increased marital satisfaction (mean difference =1.33, Cohen's d=0.15, p < 0.001), and increased subjective well-being positive factor (mean difference =1.97, Cohen's d=0.38, p < 0.001),reduced the negative factor (mean difference =-1.15, Cohen's d=0.33, p < 0.001), and were significant at follow-up. Moreover, the intervention results were caused by the enhancement of the basic psychological need structure. Conclusions: Improving marital satisfaction is an effective way to improve the subjective well-being of the elderly. The intervention program in this study is effective and suitable for the daily intervention of the elderly. |
| 英文摘要 | 背景：主观幸福感作为衡量心理健康的综合指标，在老年人心理健康研究中 应用广泛。主观幸福感的影响因素较为复杂、干预较难实施，而社会支持是一项 有诸多实践证明的主观幸福感的保护因素，尤其是来自配偶的社会支持。处理好 老年夫妻之间的相处问题，通过提升婚姻满意度来促进整体主观幸福感的提升似 乎是提升老年幸福感的重要手段。自我决定理论作为重要的幸福及干预研究理 论，其契合了“健康老龄化”的核心要求，强调自主、能力和关系的基本心理需求 的满足，老年夫妻的关系需求也符合来自重要他人的关系需求。自我决定理论曾 被应用于各类领域，因为良好的干预效果一直被国内外研究所重视，以该理论为 基础制定干预方案，有较好的理论和实践研究基础。 目的：（1）研究一和研究二探索基本心理需求、婚姻满意度和主观幸福感 之间的影响机制。（2）在上述研究基础上，形成基于自我决定理论的老年夫妻 互动干预方案，通过干预提升婚姻满意度进而促进主观幸福感提升，并验证其干 预效果。 方法：本研究采取递进式探索。（1）研究一为横纵面研究，采用中国家庭 追踪调查数据库（China Family Panel Studies，CFPS）运用多水平线性增长模型 （Multilevel Linear Growth Model，MLGM）证明婚姻满意度对主观幸福感的影 响及夫妻关系的重要性；（2）研究二为横截面研究，用《纽芬兰纪念大学幸福 度量表（Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness，MUNSH）》 中文修订版、基本心理需求满足量表（Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale，BPNS）和Norton编制婚姻质量问卷对自采985名老年人的基本心理需求、 主观幸福感和婚姻满意度进行采集分析，证实婚姻满意度的中介作用；（3）研 究三为类实验研究，通过文献研究和自我决定干预技术分类（MBCTs）制定夫 妻互动方案，采用广义估计方程（Generalized Estimated Equation，GEE）验证干 预效果。 结果：（1）研究一发现，配偶是老年人重要的社会关系，只和配偶居住的 老年人拥有最高的幸福感；婚姻关系变量解释了8.49%个体间主观幸福感的差异 原因，婚姻满意度从横向（β=0.22，p<0.001）和纵向（β=0.21，p<0.001）都预 测了主观幸福感。（2）研究二发现，婚姻满意度在基本心理需求及其各维度和 主观幸福感之间都起部分中介作用。（3）研究三发现，干预能增强基本心理需 求结构（自主均值差=1.14，Cohen's d=0.39，p＜0.001；能力均值差=0.77，Cohen's d=0.28，p＜0.001；关系均值差=1.24，Cohen's d=0.51，p＜0.001），增加婚姻满 意度（均值差=1.33，Cohen's d=0.15，p＜0.001），增加主观幸福感正性因子（均 值差=1.97，Cohen's d=0.38，p＜0.001）、减少负性因子（均值差=-1.15，Cohen's d=0.33，p＜0.001），并且在随访时显著。并且，干预结果是由基本心理需求结 构的增强引起的。 结论：提升婚姻满意度是提高老年人主观幸福感的有效途径，本研究的干预 方案成效显著，适合老年被试群体日常干预中使用。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/48210]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_健康与遗传心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王奕隐. 老年人基本心理需求和婚姻满意度对主观幸福感 的影响及干预研究[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2023. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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