熙宁变法前后王安石及士人群体心理分析 ——基于文言文大数据语义分析
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 王丽萍 |
| 答辩日期 | 2023-12 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 朱廷劭 |
| 关键词 | 熙宁变法 王安石 士人群体 CC-LIWC 心态 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 应用心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Psychological analysis of Wang Anshi and the group of Scholar-officials during the Xining Reform Period Based on CC-LIWC |
| 中文摘要 | The Xining Reform was a series of reforms implemented during the Northern Song Dynasty， dominated and implemented by Wang Anshi， and was one of the most important reforms in Chinese history. In the Northern Song Dynasty during the mid-to-late period， various social problems， including political， economic， military and educational problems， were a great obstacle to the development of the country. The Reformation was a series of changes that were introduced to change this situation， and it had a profound impact on the society at that time and on China afterwards. Xining's reform has been commented on as the culprit of the country's demise since the Southern Song Dynasty， and can only be treated objectively in recent modern studies. Moreover， the change also had an impact on China in terms of the ideology of external closure to the shift towards the internal. Since the Xining Reform， China has turned inward and become more closed， and this had an important role to play in the subsequent Ming and Qing periods as well. The effects have been widely examined in the fields of history and political science. However， gaining a deep understanding of people's attitudes， motivations， and behavioral changes at that time offers a psychological perspective that reveals the impact of change on societal power structures， institutions， and the process of psychological shifts during change. Analyzing these during this complex process enables a profound comprehension of transformation's influence on a society's culture， including its organizational structure and power hierarchy. By doing so， it can enhance our comprehension of significant historical events and socio-cultural transformations， offering fresh insights and perspectives for a more comprehensive understanding of social change and cultural development. Consequently ， research from a psychological perspective can further enrich our knowledge of reformation and its influence on China's cultural development. In this research， we primarily employ a classical Chinese corpus analysis method， including quantitative and qualitative research approaches. The CC-LIWC software is employed to segment and analyze the digitized linguistic data of the important figures involved in the Reform， including Wang， the main proponent and implementer of the reform， as well as the scholar-officials that played a significant role in the reform. Furthermore， we incorporate psychological， semantic， historical， and political science methods to conduct an in-depth psychological analysis of individuals and groups involved in the reform. The primary focus of our study is to analyze the psychological transformations experienced by Wang - a prominent advocate and implementer of Xining Reform - as well as the scholar-bureaucrat group that played a pivotal role during this transformative period. On the basis of this core research objective， four different orientations and levels of research have been carried out， respectively studying the psychological change characteristics of the important historical figure Wang Anshi individually as well as the group of scholars and officials during the Xining Reform， exploring the identity of the scholars' group in the comparative analysis with the group of scholars of the Reform Period of the Ming Dynasty， which was also a large cultural background of the Song and Ming philosophies， and finally， using the theories such as the modern theories of organization and management and the Big Five personalities on Wang and the group of scholars， we have furthered our understanding of the impacts of the social changes on these important individuals and groups in terms of the psychological aspects of their cognition， emotion， and behaviors. By studying the influences they were subjected to in the Xining Reform， we can enhance our understanding of the characteristics and changes in the social consciousness， structure， and institutions of the time. The analysis of Wang’s character during the reform period revealed significant changes in conjunctions （F=4.378， p=0.002）， negations （F=2.968， p=0.020）， insight words in the cognitive process （F=3.008， p=0.019）， and differential words （F=3.509， p=0.008）. These findings indicate a decrease in analytical thinking in his rational thought process， an increase in reflective thinking in his cognitive process， a decrease in differential thinking， and an increase in perceptual thinking during transformation. However， there were no significant changes in self-centeredness. Regarding the psychological analysis of the scholar-officials， significant reductions were observed in adverbs （F=4.172， p=0.044）， relative words （F=11.657， p=0.006）， and movement words （F=8.74， p=0.012） for the scholar-officials during the Northern Song Dynasty reform compared to the pre-reform period. This implies a decrease in their secondary thought processes and an increase in automated thought processes. Neo-Confucianism received more attention during the reform period， and a predominant tone of pessimistic and negative emotions was observed， accompanied by a rapid decrease in subjective initiative and a tendency towards closed-mindedness. The group of scholars demonstrates universality in psychological analysis during two distinct transformational periods， namely the Northern Song Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty. This universality is evident in various aspects， including their pursuit of career， active involvement in political affairs， family and societal responsibilities， emphasis on family strength and heritage， reliance on observational and emotional cognitive processes， and a focus on introspection and self-reflection. These aspects collectively shape the political identity of the scholarly community in accordance with the Song and Ming philosophies. However， this study also elucidates that， owing to significant ideological disparities between Wang and the scholars， despite Wang's more perfect leadership style， the scholars community displayed a tendency to lack a sense of responsibility and exhibit reluctance to collaborate during the Reform. This dissertation aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the cognitive， emotional， and behavioral traits of Wang， a significant historical figure， and the scholar-officials， drawing upon psychological theories and synthesizing insights and methodologies from various disciplines. The findings of this study reveal substantial disparities and even conflicts in the psychological development between Wang and the scholar-officials during the Xining Reform， highlighting the presence of contradictions between them. Despite the scholar-officials maintaining a certain level of social engagement， their perceptions underwent significant transformations during the reform era. This evolution was characterized by a more risk-averse ideology， heightened emphasis on personal interests， and a shift towards negative emotions and uncooperative behavior. These psychological and ideological modifications are also closely related to developments in the social structure and social system. |
| 英文摘要 | 北宋中后期各种社会问题极大地阻碍了社会的发展，熙宁变法便是为了改变这种情况而推行出的一系列变革措施，它对当时社会和之后的中国都产生了很深远的影响，是中国历史上最重要的改革之一。但是熙宁变法自从南宋以来一直被指责为亡国元凶，直到近现代才被客观对待。同时，熙宁变法还对中国在意识上的对外封闭态度产生了影响。自熙宁变法以来，中国便转向内，更趋于封闭，并对之后的明清产生着重要的作用。历史和政治学领域已对这些影响进行了各自专业领域内的分析研究。通过分析人们在这一复杂过程中的态度和行为变化，可以深入理解变革对社会文化包括社会组织和权力结构等方面产生的影响，为我们更 全面地认识社会变革提供新的见解和视角，拓展从心理学研究角度进一步丰富变法及其对中国文化发展的影响的理解与认知。 在本研究中，主要采用基于文言文语料的分析方法，使用 CC-LIWC 软件对目标人物的数字化语料进行文言文分词、统计分析和模型分析。此外，我们还结合了心理学、语义学、历史学以及政治学等学科的方法，对变法中的个案和群体进行了心理分析。本研究分别研究了重要历史人物王安石个体以及士人群体在熙宁变法前后的心理变化特征，在与同样是宋明理学大的文化背景下的明代改革前后士人群体的对比分析中探讨了士人群体的身份认同，最后用现代组织管理学和大五人格等理论对王安石及士人群体进行了分析，我们从他们的认知、情感和行为等心理学方面进一步了解社会变革前后这些重要个人和群体的心理变化特征。通过研究他们在熙宁变法中所表现出的差异，我们可以增强对当时社会意识、结 构、制度等方面的特征和变化的理解。 研究结果显示，作为重要人物的王安石在变法前后连词（F=4.378，p=0.002） 和否定词（F=2.968，p=0.020）、认知过程中洞察词（F=3.008，p=0.019） 和差异词（F=3.509，p=0.008） 都发生了显著变化，显示了变法期间王安石理性思 维的分析性减少，认知过程中反思性增加，差异性减少，感知思维增加，但是以自我为中心的心理没有发生显著变化。而士人群体心理分析中，北宋变法期间士人群体比变法前士人群体在副词（F=4.172，p=0.044）和相对词（F=11.657 ，p= 0.006 ） 以及移动词（F= 8.74 ，p= 0.012）都发生了显著降低，说明变法后他们的第二类思维加工过程降低，自动化思维过程增加，理学思想在变法期间更受 到关注，悲观消极情绪是主要的情感基调，主观能动性快速降低，思想相对封闭。研究三的结果显示北宋变法前后士人群体与明代变法前后士人群体在心理对比分析中显示普遍追求仕途，积极参与政治活动，行动上以家国天下为己任，注重家族的力量和传承，认知过程中以观感为主，注重反思，回归自身。这些也构成了宋明理学下士人群体的政治身份认同。然而，本研究也揭示了由于王安石和士大夫群体在思想上存在巨大差异，尽管王安石的领导风格逐渐趋于完美，但士大夫群体在变法期间表现出对工作缺乏责任感和不愿意配合的趋势。 本论文旨在以心理学理论为基础，综合多学科技术，对重要人物王安石个人和主要社会团体士人群体的知、情、行等特征进行深入分析。研究结果表明，在熙宁变法前后，王安石和士大夫官僚群体的心态发展存在显著差异甚至对立，凸显了彼此之间的矛盾的存在。尽管士人群体保持了一定的社会活跃性，但在变法期间，他们的认知发生改变，表现出了更多的避祸思想，更加关注个人利益且情绪消极、工作不配合等心态。这些心理和意识形态的变化与社会结构和社会制度的发展变化也密切相关。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/48173]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_社会与工程心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王丽萍. 熙宁变法前后王安石及士人群体心理分析 ——基于文言文大数据语义分析[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2023. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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