多子是否多福 ——子女数量对老年人抑郁症状的影响
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 杨永花 |
| 答辩日期 | 2024-06 |
| 文献子类 | 继续教育硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 陈天勇 |
| 关键词 | 子女数量 子女性别结构 抑郁症状 工具变量 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 发展与教育心理学 |
| 其他题名 | More children, more blessings? The effect of children on depression symptom in old age |
| 中文摘要 | China has entered a stage of deep population aging, and population aging has brought great challenges to the country and society. With the aggravation of aging, the physical and mental health problems of the elderly and the subsequent elderly-care problems have been concerned by all sectors of society. With the development of economy and society and the change of fertility concept, especially in recent years, after the change of the fertility policy, whether the number of children has a protective effect on the mental health of the elderly has been widely concerned by the society. This study using the Chinese health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS) data, using the Chinese fertility preference choose instrument variables and established instrument variable regression model, deeply analyzed the causal effect of children on the depressive symptoms of the elderly, and further used the children’s emotional support to establish mediation effect model, further discussed the mechanism of the relationship between the number of children and the elderly depressive symptoms. Study 1: using the data of CHARLS 2018, respectively using having a boy/boys among the two firstborn children or not boys and the two firstborn children having the same gender or not as the two instrumental variables for the number of children, with two stage regression method, explored the causal effect of the number of children on old age depression symptoms, and according to the respondents age, gender, marital status, education, urban and rural made the classification analysis, and tested the stability of the results with the data of CHARLS 2011. Study 2: On the basis of the results of Study 1, children's emotional support was regarded as the quality of intergenerational support, and distinguished separately in the analysis. Using SPSS correlation analysis, a mediation effect model was established to further explore the mediation role of children's emotional support between the number of children and depression in old age. The results of the study show that, (1) Chinese people have a common fertility preference for both boys and both genders of children; (2) and the fertility preference for boys is stronger than the fertility preference for both genders of children, and the preference for both genders of children is rising with the development of society; (3) The Naiive Probit regression indicates that, the number of children can significantly reduce depressive symptoms in older age, however, the regression of instrumental variables showed that the number of children had no significant effect on the depressive symptoms of the elderly; (4) the study on the mediating effect of children’s emotional support shows that, The mediation effect of children’s emotional support in the effect of children number on elderly depressive symptoms was significant, and for the rural elderly, the children’s emotional support played a completely mediating role between the number of children and depressive symptoms in older age. Using CHARLS 2018 data, and also using two instrument variable regressions, this study made a series of classification analysis according to the respondents age, gender, marital status, urban and rural areas, education level factors, and all the results were consistent, at the same time we used the data of 2011 made the stability test, and also the results were consistent with the results of 2018. This study emphasizes that the quality of children’s support rather than the number of children played an more important role in improving the depressive symptoms of the elderly, and these conclusions will provide theoretical reference for the management of depression status in the elderly and the social care for the elderly in China. |
| 英文摘要 | 中国已进入深度人口老龄化阶段，人口老龄化带给国家与社会巨大挑战。随着老龄化加剧，老年人身心健康问题及随之而来养老问题已受到社会各界关注。由于深受儒家思想影响，多子多福是中国根深蒂固理念，人们普遍认为孩子数量越多越积极影响老年父母健康。随着经济社会发展和生育观念改变，特别是近几年生育政策放开，子女数量是否保护老年人心理健康，受到社会广泛关注。本研究利用中国健康与退休纵向研究(CHARLS)数据，利用中国人生育偏好选择工具变量并建立工具变量回归模型，深入剖析子女数量对老年人抑郁症状的影响，并进一步利用子女情感支持建立中介效应模型，深入探讨子女数量与老年人抑郁症 状关系作用机制。 研究 1：利用 CHARLS 2018 年数据，分别利用两个工具变量（研究 1a 用前两胎有无男孩；研究 1b 用前两胎性别异同）作为子女数量的工具变量，用两阶段回归法，探讨子女数量对老年人抑郁症状的影响，并按受访者年龄、性别、婚姻状况、受教育程度、城乡等做了分类分析，并用2011年数据作稳定性检验。 研究 2：在研究 1 的结果基础上做了进一步分析，将子女情感支持视为子女支持质量，并将其单独区分出来，采用 SPSS 相关分析法，建立中介效应模型，进一步探讨子女情感支持在子女数量与老年抑郁之间的中介作用。 研究结果表明：(1)中国人普遍存在男孩和儿女双全生育偏好；(2)男孩生育 偏好强于儿女双全生育偏好，儿女双全生育偏好随年代呈上升趋势；(3)基准 Probit 回归表明，子女数量显著降低老年抑郁症状，但采用工具变量回归后显示子女数量没显著影响老年人抑郁症状；(4)子女情感支持中介效应研究表明，子女情感支持在子女数量对老年抑郁症状影响中中介效应显著，子女情感支持完全中介子女数量与老年抑郁症状。 本研究利用 CHARLS 2018 年数据，分别运用两个工具变量回归分析，并按照受访者年龄、性别、婚姻状况、城乡、受教育程度等因素分类分析，得一致结果，采用 2011 年数据检验稳定性，结果与 2018 年数据结果一致。本研究强调子女支持质量而非子女数量改善老年人抑郁症状，这些结论将对老年人抑郁状况管 理及我国社会养老提供理论借鉴。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/48288]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_健康与遗传心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 杨永花. 多子是否多福 ——子女数量对老年人抑郁症状的影响[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2024. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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