童年期虐待对单身女性亲密恐惧的影响：自尊和依恋的中介作用
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 许玲 |
| 答辩日期 | 2024-06 |
| 文献子类 | 继续教育硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 赵媚 |
| 关键词 | 亲密恐惧 儿童期虐待 自尊 成人依恋 亲密关系 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 健康心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Childhood Maltreatment and Fear of Intimacy in Adult Single Women: Mediating Roles of Self-Esteem and Attachment |
| 中文摘要 | According to personality development theory, individuals who entered into adulthood stage (after 25 years old) are supposed to have children and start parenting, while the number of single adult women in cities are increasing rapidly. The fear of intimacy level of those single women who delayed or refused to enter into an intimate relationship are higher than women in close relationships. People who had maltreatment history in childhood are more likely to experience interpersonal difficulties, having lower self-esteem and tend to form insecure attachment, which may lead to fear of intimacy. This study employed a mixed research method combined with quantitative study, tracking study and qualitative study to explore the fear of intimacy level and the possible factors that lead to fear of intimacy among urban single adult women, to track the changes of their intimate relationship status and desires for initiating a romantic relationship, and finally to explore the factors affecting their relationship desires in a more comprehensive and in-depth method by doing the qualitative analyses of the answers to the question asking about the reasons of their desires for starting a romantic relationship. Study 1: Using questionnaire quantitative research method, the fear of intimacy research questionnaire I was delivered to urban-dwelling single women aged 30–49 from Peking, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen via online research platform. Fear of Intimacy Scale (FIS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory (ECR) and sociodemographic questionnaire were included. 487 valid questionnaires were collected. The current study was aimed to explore the effects of childhood maltreatment on fear of intimacy in adult single women, and whether self-esteem and adult attachment play mediating roles between them. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and regression analyses were performed via SPSS software, and path analyses and mediation effects were performed using AMOS software. The results showed that childhood maltreatment (β=0.36, p，p＜0.001) positively predicted fear of intimacy and self-esteem (β=-0.75，p=0.001) positively predicted fear of intimacy and self-esteem (β=-0.75，p＜0.001) negatively predicted fear of intimacy. Self-esteem and attachment anxiety partially mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and fear of intimacy, accounting for 37% of the total indirect effects. Moreover, the levels of individuals’ desire to initiate a romantic relationship decreased as the scores of childhood maltreatment, fear of intimacy and attachment avoidance increased, while self-esteem scores decreased. Study 2: Based on the results of Study 1, Fear of intimacy research questionnaire II was delivered to 487 subjects who participated in Study 1 after half year, in order to get to know the current intimacy relationship status of the participants, changes of desires for initiating a romantic relationship, and the willingness to participate in love and marriage consultation. 159 valid questionnaires were collected. Descriptive statistics and t-test analyses were performed using SPSS software. The results showed that individuals who desire to initiate a romantic relationship are more likely to enter into an intimate relationship, individuals who do not desire for a romantic relationship are less likely to be in an intimate relationship, and individuals currently in an intimate relationship have a stronger desire to have a romantic relationship. Overall, desire for initiating a romantic relationship were relatively stable with little changes after six months. In addition, individuals who desire for a romantic relationship tend to participate in love and marriage consultation to seek for external support and help, whereas individuals who do not desire to be in a relationship have a lower willingness to participate in love and marriage consultation and are reluctant to seek support and help from others. Finally, t-test analysis results showed that individuals currently in intimate relationships had lower levels of fear of intimacy and attachment avoidance than single and divorced individuals. Study 3: Based on the results of Study 1, Fear of intimacy research questionnaire II was delivered to 487 subjects who participated in Study 1 after half year in order to explore the factors affecting their desires for romantic relationship desires by asking the reason why they want or not want a romantic relationship. 159 valid questionnaires are collected. Qualitative analysis was conducted via Nvivo software and summarized 3 core codes needs for initiating a romantic relationship: primary need including physiological need and safety need, intermediate need including belongingness and love need and esteem need, advanced need including self-actualization need. The results showed that individuals who deny for romantic relationship need focused on the need for safety, whereas individuals who desire for romantic relationship focused on the need of belongingness and love. Individuals who do not desire for romantic relationship not only fear intimate relationship, but also fear intimate relationship will bring trouble to other sides of their live. Therefore, they felt worried, fearful, and anxious, which prevented them from pursuing higher level of needs. Individuals who desire for romantic relationship are more positive towards intimate relationships, believing that romantic love is necessary and pursuing happiness and pleasure. In summary, the current study concludes: (1) Childhood maltreatment had direct effect on fear of intimacy, self-esteem and attachment anxiety played partially mediating role between them. (2) More severe childhood maltreatment, higher fear of intimacy level and higher attachment avoidance level are, less desire to initiate a romantic relationship is. (3) Desire to initiate a romantic relationship predicted if an individual would enter into a romantic relationship. (4) Individuals who did not desire for a relationship had a greater need for safety, and individuals who desire for a romantic relationship had greater need for belongingness and love. The results of the study enriched the existing theoretical research, which can provide reference and reference for marriage and love psychological counseling. |
| 英文摘要 | 根据人格发展理论，成年期(25 岁之后)本应进入生育和养育后代的阶段，而城市成年期单身女性数量却日益增多。对于延迟或回避进入亲密关系的单身女性，其亲密恐惧水平高于处于亲密关系中的女性。有童年期虐待史的个体更有可能遇到人际交往方面的困难，自尊水平较低，易形成不安全依恋，可能会导致其恐惧亲密关系。本研究采用量化研究、追踪研究和质性研究的混合研究方法，探索城市成年期单身女性亲密恐惧水平，及影响亲密恐惧的可能因素；追踪其亲密关系状态、恋爱意愿变化及参与婚恋咨询意愿；最后通过询问恋爱意愿原因做质性分析，更加全面深入了解恋爱意愿影响因素。 研究一：采用横断面问卷研究方法，通过数据搜集平台向北京、上海、广州和深圳四大城市，年龄在30-49岁之间的单身女性推送亲密恐惧调查问卷一，回收有效问卷 487 份。问卷包含人口学信息调查、儿童期创伤问卷(CTQ)、自尊量 表(RSES)、亲密关系体验量表(ECR)和亲密恐惧量表(FIS)。探索儿童期虐待对成年期单身女性亲密恐惧的影响，及自尊和成人依恋是否起中介作用。使用 SPSS 软件进行描述性统计、相关和回归分析，使用 AMOS 软件进行路径分析和中介效应检验。结果显示儿童期虐待正向预测成年期单身女性亲密恐惧(β=0.36，p<0.001)，依恋焦虑正向预测成年期单身女性亲密恐惧(β=0.15，p=0.001)，自尊 (β=-0.75，p<0.001)负向预测成年期单身女性亲密恐惧。自尊和依恋焦虑在儿童 期虐待和成年期单身女性亲密恐惧之间起部分中介作用，总间接效应占比 37%。此外，个体恋爱意愿随童年期虐待的严重程度、亲密恐惧水平和依恋回避水平的升高而降低，随自尊水平的升高而升高。 研究二：基于研究一的结果，对487 名被试进行半年期追踪，推送亲密恐惧调查问卷二，以了解目前被试婚恋状态、恋爱意愿变化及参加婚恋咨询意愿，回收有效问卷159份。使用 SPSS 软件进行描述性统计和独立样本 t 检验。结果显示想恋爱个体更易进入亲密关系，不想恋爱个体更难进入亲密关系，而处于亲密关系中的个体恋爱意愿更强。总体而言，时隔半年，恋爱意愿相对稳定，变化幅度较小。想恋爱个体更乐于参加婚恋咨询，寻求外部支持和帮助，而不想恋爱个体愿意参加婚恋咨询的比率更低，更不愿从外部获得支持和帮助。最后独立样本t检验分析显示处于亲密关系中的个体其亲密恐惧水平和依恋回避水平比单身和离异个体更低。 研究三：基于研究一结果，半年后，对487名被试推送亲密恐惧问卷二，通过一道问答题了解被试不同恋爱意愿的原因，回收有效问卷159份。使用 Nvivo 软件进行质性分析，归纳出3个层次的恋爱需求核心编码。核心编码分为初级需求，包含生理需求和安全需求两个次级编码；中级需求，包含归属和爱的需求及尊重需求；高级需求，包含自我实现的需求。结果表明不想恋爱个体恋爱需求多停留在对安全需求的追求上，而想恋爱个体追求归属和爱的需求占比更多。不想 恋爱个体不仅对亲密关系恐惧，也担心恋爱会影响生活的其他方面，从而阻碍其追求更高层次需求。想恋爱个体对恋爱更为积极肯定，认为恋爱是必须的，追求 幸福和快乐的占比更多。 综上，本研究得出结论： （1）儿童期虐待对成年期单身女性亲密恐惧有直接影响，自尊和依恋焦虑起部分中介作用。 （2）儿童期虐待越严重、亲密恐惧水平越高、依恋回避水平越高和自尊水平越低的个体恋爱意愿越低。 （3）恋爱意愿可预测个体是否进入亲密关系。 （4）不想恋爱个体安全需求占比较多，想恋爱个体归属和爱的需求占比更多。 研究结果丰富了现有理论研究，对成年期单身女性婚恋心理咨询有参考和借鉴意义。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/48291]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_健康与遗传心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 许玲. 童年期虐待对单身女性亲密恐惧的影响：自尊和依恋的中介作用[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2024. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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