老年人社会网络与心理健康：年龄变化觉知的中介作用
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 高先燕 |
| 答辩日期 | 2024-06 |
| 文献子类 | 继续教育硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 张镇 |
| 关键词 | 老年人 社会网络 心理健康 年龄变化觉知 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 健康心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Social Networks of Elderly and Mental Health: the Mediating Role of Awareness of Age-related Change (AARC) |
| 中文摘要 | China has gradually entered the ranks of moderately aging societies, and how to adapt to and actively respond to population aging has become a national strategy for China. Domestic and foreign research shows that, in addition to living environment and economic conditions, social relationship networks are key to reflecting and influencing the positive aging and quality of life of the elderly. The relationship between social relationship networks and mental health and its mechanisms have increasingly become hot topics in the fields of gerontology and health psychology. Economic development, social changes, and changes in individual roles have led to significant changes in the structure and scale of social relationships among Chinese elderly, particularly evident in three aspects: family, friendship, and neighborhood. These changes include the widespread phenomenon of empty-nest elderly due to the migration and mobility of adult children and the downsizing of families, the decrease in social interactions and friendships due to retirement and declining health, and the disruption of traditional neighborhood relationships due to urbanization. However, previous domestic research has not been sensitive to these changes, as evidenced by the following: firstly, there is a lack of comprehensive assessment of the characteristics of social relationship networks among the elderly and their relationship with mental health from these three aspects in domestic and foreign studies. Secondly, there is limited exploration of the social psychological mechanisms through which social networks influence mental health, specifically how the aforementioned changes in social networks among the elderly in China affect their mental health. Based on relevant domestic and foreign research and theoretical speculation, self-perceived aging attitudes may mediate the influence of social relationship networks on mental health. This study, based on the localization of the "Awareness of Age-related Change (AARC)" scale, conducted two studies to examine the relationship between comprehensive and single-dimensional social network size and the mental health of the elderly, as well as the mediating effect of awareness of age-related changes on this relationship. The first study aimed to validate the Chinese version of the 50-item "Awareness of Age-related Change" scale (AARC-50) among urban elderly aged 60 and above, with a sample of 960 participants. The results showed that after deleting one item through factor analysis, the remaining 49 items exhibited the two-factor structure of the original scale, namely, the gain factor and the loss factor. The revised Chinese version of the scale demonstrated good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, discriminant validity, criterion-related validity, and cross-gender equivalence. The scale is suitable for assessing the perception of age-related changes among Chinese elderly. The second study aimed to examine the relationship between comprehensive and single-dimensional social networks and the mental health of the elderly, especially the mediating role of awareness of age-related changes in this relationship. The study included 1036 urban residents aged 60 and above. The results showed that, on the one hand, there was a positive correlation between the comprehensive dimension of social networks and mental health, with awareness of age-related changes mediating this relationship, and this mediating effect varied by gender. In general, in the entire sample, social networks significantly positively predicted the mental health of the elderly, and the gain and loss factors of awareness of age-related changes played parallel mediating roles between social networks and mental health, meaning that the size of comprehensive social networks promoted mental health by enhancing positive age awareness and reducing negative age awareness. Secondly, gender moderated the relationship between social networks and mental health, as well as the mediating effect. The loss factor was related to mental health, and overall, compared to females, the mediating effect of awareness of age-related changes on the relationship between social networks and mental health was stronger for males. On the other hand, from three dimensions, family networks and friend networks positively predicted mental health in the entire sample, while neighbor networks did not positively predict mental health. Secondly, in terms of gender differences, there were no significant differences in the mediating effect of gain factor awareness of age-related changes on the relationship between family networks, friend networks, and neighbor networks and mental health between males and females. The mediating effect of loss factor awareness of agerelated changes on the relationship between friend networks and neighbor networks and mental health was significantly greater for males than females, while there were no significant gender differences in the mediating effect of loss factor awareness of agerelated changes on the relationship between family networks and mental health. In this study, whether comprehensive or three-dimensional social networks were used as independent variables, the negative predictive effect of loss factor awareness of agerelated changes on mental health was significantly greater for males than females. This study, set against the background of active aging, examined the relationship between multidimensional social networks and mental health, as well as the mediating effect of awareness of age-related changes, and compared gender differences in these relationships. This study supplements relevant evidence on the psychological health effects and mechanisms of elderly social networks and is of great significance for practical interventions aimed at promoting social relationships and improving attitudes toward aging to enhance the mental health of the elderly. The limitations of this study also provide directions for future research expansion. |
| 英文摘要 | 我国已逐步跨入中度老龄化国家行列，如何适应并积极应对人口老龄化已上升为我国的国家战略。国内外研究显示，除了生存环境和经济条件，社会关系网络是体现和影响老年人积极老龄化和生活质量的关键，而社会关系网络与心理健 康的关系及其机制日益成为老年心理学和健康心理学研究的热点。经济发展、社会变迁和个人角色的变化导致中国老年人的社会关系在结构和规模等方面都发生了重大变化，集中表现在家庭、友谊和邻里等三个方面，如成年子女的迁移、流动和家庭小型化带来空巢老人的普遍化，退出工作岗位和健康状况下降带来的社会交往和朋友关系的减少，城镇化发展对传统邻里关系的破坏等。然而，国内既往相关研究对这些变化表现得并不敏感，其表现为：首先，国内外从家庭、朋友和邻居三个方面评估老年人的社会关系网络特征及其与心理健康关系的研究并不全面。其次，目前研究对社会网络影响心理健康的社会心理机制探讨尚不充分，即中国老年群体社会网络的上述变化如何影响了老年人的心理健康有待进一步探索。基于国内外的相关研究和理论推测，自我老化态度可能中介了社会关系 网络对心理健康的影响。本研究以“年龄变化觉知(Awareness of Age-related Change, AARC)量表”的本土化应用为前提，通过两项研究考察了综合与单维度 的社会网络规模与老年人心理健康的关系，以及年龄变化觉知对上述关系的中介作用。 研究一旨在验证50题的中文版“年龄变化觉知量表”(AARC-50)在中国老 年群体中的适用性和信效度，以960名60岁以上城市老年人为样本。结果显示，通过因子分析删除一个题项后，剩余49个条目呈现了原量表的两因子结构，即增益因子和减损因子。修订后的中文版量表具有良好的内部一致性、重测信度、区分度、效标关联效度，以及跨性别的等值性。该量表适用于对中国老年人感知年龄变化的评估。 研究二旨在考察综合与单维度的社会网络与老年人心理健康的关系及其机制，尤其是年龄变化觉知对上述关系的中介作用。研究对象为1036名60岁以上的城市居民。结果发现，首先，无论综合维度还是三维度的社会网络作为自变量，都一致显示，社会网络可以预测心理健康，社会网络通过提高年龄变化增益觉知，降低年龄变化减损觉知而促进心理健康，即年龄变化觉知在社会网络与心理健康之间起中介作用。其次，性别调节了社会网络与心理健康的关系以及中介作用，具体而言，相对于女性，男性年龄变化减损觉知在社会网络对心理健康的中介作用更强，且男性年龄变化减损觉知对心理健康的负向预测作用更强，即相比于女性，男性在年龄变化减损觉知上得分越高，心理健康水平越低。 本研究以积极老龄化为背景，考察了多维度社会网络与心理健康的关系，以及年龄变化觉知的中介作用，并比较了男女性在上述关系中的差异。本研究补充了老年人社会网络的心理健康效应及其机制的相关证据，对于从促进社会关系和改善老化态度的角度进行实践干预、增进老年人心理健康具有重要意义。本研究的不足和局限也为未来研究的拓展提供了方向。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/48242]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_社会与工程心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 高先燕. 老年人社会网络与心理健康：年龄变化觉知的中介作用[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2024. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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