信息框架助推生育意愿的心理机制和边界条件
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 张金玥 |
| 答辩日期 | 2024-06 |
| 文献子类 | 继续教育硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 周 洁 |
| 关键词 | 信息框架 生育意愿 心理距离 政策可接受性 描述性规范 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 应用心理学 |
| 其他题名 | The Psychological Mechanisms and Boundary Conditions of Information framework in Boosting Fertility Intentions |
| 中文摘要 | China has already entered an aging society, with continuous slowdown in population growth from 2012 to 2021. Amidst the slowing down of population and aging, the country has implemented a series of policies to encourage childbirth. Furthermore, the impact of COVID-19 on fertility is unclear.With the number of newborns in China dropping to 9.56 million in 2022, marking the first instance of negative population growth in nearly 61 years. The latest population data also indicates a decline in the natural population growth rate to -1.48‰ in 2023. How to break the paradox of increasing encouragement for childbirth leading to fewer births and genuinely increase the birth rate has become an urgent issue. This research, set against the backdrop of China's evolving childbirth encouragement policies and the major context of the COVID-19 pandemic, examines the effectiveness of applying "nudge" theory in intervening in childbirth policies to enhance the willingness to have children. The study focuses on the information framework as a nudge strategy, conducting two questionnaire surveys to explore the optimal information framework for pro-natal policies, while also revealing the psychological mechanisms by which the information framework influences the willingness to have children, namely, the mediating effects of psychological distance and policy acceptability, and the moderating effect of descriptive norms in this process. The first study surveyed 1,076 individuals online, attempting to incorporate the information framework from nudge theory into policy propaganda messages in the context of the two-child policy era to examine its impact on public willingness to have children. Specifically, the study manipulated gain and loss frames, national versus personal stance frames, and anthropomorphized versus non-anthropomorphized information frames under the context of the pandemic and descriptive norms, to investigate their effects on enhancing the willingness to have children. The results indicated that, under conditions of pandemic uncertainty and strong descriptive norms, the intervention of policy propaganda information combined as "gain frame + personal stance frame + non-anthropomorphized description" had the best effect. Although reading this material did not lead to a significant increase in the willingness to have a second child, it significantly reduced the psychological distance to the two- child policy and enhanced its acceptability. Furthermore, the first study discovered the psychological mechanism by which the information framework influences the willingness to have children, constructing a model where the information framework impacts the willingness to have children through a chain of mediating effects of psychological distance and policy acceptability. The second study, conducted against the backdrop of the three-child policy, validated the exploratory results of the optimal information framework from Study One. Combining the gain framing and personal stance framing to form the information framework group, 528 respondents were surveyed through online questionnaires to verify the mediation model of Study One. Furthermore, descriptive norms were introduced as an important moderating variable into the model to examine the moderating effect of descriptive norms on the relationship between information framework and fertility intentions (willingness to have a second or third child). The results show that while the information framework significantly reduced psychological distance and increased policy acceptability, it did not significantly affect fertility intentions. Meanwhile, the mediation path established in Study One remained valid in Study Two, indicating that the information framework influences fertility intentions through the mediating chain of psychological distance and policy acceptability. Additionally, Study Two found that psychological distance can also independently mediate between framing effects and fertility intentions. In both mediation paths, descriptive norms significantly negatively moderated the path from information framework to psychological distance, thereby also negatively moderating the mediation effect. In summary, the two studies in this article have progressed layer by layer, closely integrating with the development and implementation of childbirth policies, providing a theoretical basis and practical support for using information framework in childbirth policy propaganda, and offering a new, economically feasible, gentle, and publicly acceptable approach to effectively enhance the willingness to have children. |
| 英文摘要 | 我国已经进入老龄化社会，同时2012年到2021年，我国人口增长放缓。 在人口增长放缓和老龄化问题日益凸显之际，我国推行了一系列鼓励生育的政 策。同时新冠疫情对生育率的影响尚不明确。2022年中国的新生儿数量降至 956万，出现了近61年来首次人口负增长，最新发布的人口数据也显示，2023 年人口自然增长率下降至-1.48‰。如何突破越鼓励生育越不生育的怪圈，真正 提高人口生育率已成为迫在眉睫的大事。本研究正是在我国不断演变的鼓励生 育政策背景和新冠疫情的大背景下，考察了使用“助推”理论干预生育政策进而 提升生育意愿的有效性。研究聚焦信息框架这一助推策略，进行了两次问卷调 查，探索助推生育政策最优的信息框架组合，同时揭示信息框架影响生育意愿 的心理机制，即心理距离和政策接受性的中介效应，以及描述性规范在这个过 程中的调节效应。 研究一通过网络问卷对 1076 人展开调查，尝试在二胎政策的时代背景下将助推理论中的信息框架融入政策宣传来考察其对公众生育意愿的影响。具体来说，研究在疫情启动和描述性规范背景下，操纵了收益和损失框架、国家立场和个人立框架场、拟人化和非拟人化信息框架三种信息框架，考察其对提升生育意愿的效果。结果表明，在启动疫情不确定和强描述性规范的背景下，组合为“得到框架+个人立场框架+非拟人化描述”的政策宣传信息干预效果最好，阅读该材料后虽然没能带来二孩生育意愿的显著提升，但其显著拉近了公众对 二孩政策的心理距离，提升了政策的可接受性。同时，研究一还发现了信息框架影响生育意愿的心理机制，建构了信息框架通过心理距离和政策可接受性的 链式中介作用影响生育意愿的模型。、 研究二在三孩政策的背景下展开，并在研究一最优信息框架组合的探索性结果基础上，结合得到框架和个人立场框架生成信息框架组的干预材料，并通 过网络问卷对528人展开调查，验证研究一的中介模型，同时将描述性规范作为重要的调节变量引入模型，检验描述性规范对信息框架影响多生意愿（生育二孩或三孩的意愿）的中介模型的调节效应。结果发现，信息框架显著拉近了心理距离，并显著提升了政策可接受性，但未对多生意愿产生显著影响；同时，研究一中的中介路径依旧成立，即信息框架通过心理距离和政策可接受性 的链式中介作用影响多生意愿；另外研究二还发现心理距离也可单独在信息框 架和多生意愿之间起中介作用；而在这两个中介作用中，描述性规范均显著负向调节信息框架到心理距离的路径，从而对中介作用也起到负向调节效应。 综上，本文的两个研究逐层递进，与生育政策的制定和推行紧密结合，为采用信息框架进行生育政策宣传提供了理论依据与实践支撑，也为通过政策宣传信息有效提升生育意愿提供了经济、柔性又易被公众接受的新思路。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/48254]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_社会与工程心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张金玥. 信息框架助推生育意愿的心理机制和边界条件[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2024. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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