描述性规范对疫苗犹豫的影响：“信心”和“自满”的调节作用
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 霍达 |
| 答辩日期 | 2024-06 |
| 文献子类 | 继续教育硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 周洁 |
| 关键词 | 疫苗犹豫 描述性规范 3C 模型 信心 自满 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 健康心理学 |
| 其他题名 | The Effect of Descriptive Norms on Vaccine Hesitancy: The Moderating Roles of Confidence and Complacency |
| 中文摘要 | Vaccine hesitancy, exposing individuals to the risk of contracting vaccinepreventable diseases (VPDs) and resulting in their spread, has emerged as a serious global health threat. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines vaccine hesitancy as "to delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccination despite availability of vaccination services". In addition, WHO has proposed the 3C model for vaccine hesitancy, comprising confidence, complacency and convenience. Confidence refers to trust in the effectiveness and safety of vaccines, the reliability and competence of the health care professionals, as well as the health care system that delivers them. Complacency involves a low perception of VPD infection risk, perceived unnecessity of vaccination, and unawareness of possible clinical severity of VPDs. This research explores how descriptive norms can reduce vaccine hesitancy by demonstrating high vaccine uptake within the reference groups, while also exams the moderating roles of confidence and complacency on descriptive norms. The research may offer insights into the underlying causes of vaccine hesitancy and the development of intervention for addressing this issue, thus holding noteworthy public health implications. Study 1 aimed to investigate the effect of descriptive norms on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy and the moderating roles of confidence and complacency on the descriptive norms, as well as to further explore the differential effects on vaccine hesitancy with the descriptive norms from two reference groups. A total of 406 valid questionnaires were collected using non-probability sampling. The findings revealed that confidence exhibited a significant negative correlation with vaccine hesitancy, while complacency showed a significant positive correlation. The HCW descriptive norm compliance negatively correlated with vaccine hesitancy. Confidence played a moderating role on HCW descriptive norm compliance while complacency did not. Specifically, for individuals with high confidence, compliance with descriptive norms had a significant negative effect on vaccine hesitancy; whereas for those with low confidence, compliance with descriptive norms did not show such effect. On the other hand, the descriptive norm of acquaintances negatively correlated with vaccine hesitancy. However, neither confidence nor complacency exhibited any moderating roles on it. This study also found that, under the same condition, HCW descriptive norm had a greater effect on vaccine hesitancy than descriptive norm of acquaintances. Based upon the above findings, Study 2 focused on the HCW descriptive norm in order to investigate its causal relationship with vaccine hesitancy, and re-examined the moderating roles of confidence and complacency on descriptive norms. In addition, Study 2 verified the generalisability of the findings from Study 1 for influenza vaccines. A survey experiment was conducted with a sample of 222 valid participants. The findings indicated that confidence had a significant negative effect on vaccine hesitancy, while complacency had a significant positive effect. Compliance with HCW descriptive norm had no significant effect on vaccine hesitancy while neither confidence nor complacency showed any moderating roles on it. Moreover, the level of HCW descriptive norm was manipulated through the survey experiment. The intervention group received a message indicating HCW descriptive norm, while the control group did not receive such. The effect of HCW descriptive norm on reducing vaccine hesitancy was investigated. The findings showed that HCW descriptive norm had a significant positive effect on the reduction of vaccine hesitancy, whereas confidence and complacency did not yield such effect. However, no significant moderating effects were observed for either confidence or complacency on HCW descriptive norm. In summary, the findings of the two sequential studies suggest that providing HCW descriptive norm can bring about the reduction in vaccine hesitancy regardless of the levels of confidence and complacency. This research may offer insights for health administrations and public health policymakers in developing immunisation strategies to address vaccine hesitancy, ultimately increasing vaccine coverage at population level to contain the spread of VPDs. |
| 英文摘要 | 疫苗犹豫使个体暴露于疫苗可预防疾病的感染风险中，引起疾病的流行和蔓延，已成为严重的全球健康威胁。世界卫生组织将疫苗犹豫定义为“在可获得免疫接种服务的情况下，推迟接受或拒绝免疫接种”，并提出了疫苗犹豫3C模型， 包括“信心”“自满”和“便利”三个影响因素。其中，“信心”指人们对疫苗有效性和安全性的信任、对医疗卫生专业人员胜任力的信任、以及对卫生健康体系的信任等；“自满”是指自觉罹患疫苗可预防疾病的风险较低，否认接受免疫接 种的必要性、不知晓患病后可能出现的严重临床结局等。本研究探索通过提供描述性规范展示参照群体采取疫苗接种行为降低个体疫苗犹豫，并考察“信心”和 “自满”对描述性规范的调节作用。本研究有助于理解疫苗犹豫的产生原因并提出干预和应对措施，具有极为重要的公共卫生意义。 研究一旨在考察描述性规范对新冠病毒疫苗犹豫的影响、“信心”和“自满” 对描述性规范的调节作用，以及探索两个参照群体的描述性规范对疫苗犹豫影响的差别。通过非概率抽样，获得有效调查问卷406份。结果显示，“信心”与疫 苗犹豫呈显著负相关，“自满”与疫苗犹豫呈显著正相关。医务工作者描述性规范遵从性与疫苗犹豫呈显著负相关，“信心”对其具有调节作用、而“自满”对其无调节作用。对于“信心”水平高的个体，描述性规范遵从性与疫苗犹豫存在显著负相关；对于“信心”水平低的个体，描述性规范遵从性与疫苗犹豫无显著相关。另一方面，周围人描述性规范遵从性对疫苗犹豫呈显著负相关，而“信心” 和“自满”对周围人描述性规范遵从性均无调节作用。此外，研究一还发现，在相同条件下，医务工作者描述性规范比周围人描述性规范对疫苗犹豫的影响更大。 在此基础上，研究二聚焦医务工作者描述性规范，通过调查实验操纵描述性规范探究其对疫苗犹豫降低的因果影响，并再次考察“信心”和“自满”对描述性规范的调节作用对疫苗犹豫的作用，进一步验证研究一的结果在流感疫苗上的可推广性。研究二开展操纵实验，收集有效样本222人。结果显示，“信心”对 疫苗犹豫呈显著负向影响、“自满”对疫苗犹豫呈显著正向影响，而医务工作者描述性规范遵从性对疫苗犹豫无显著影响、而“信心”和“自满”对医务工作者描述性规范遵从性调节作用对疫苗犹豫无显著性。进一步通过调查实验操纵描述 性规范强弱，给予干预组强描述性规范信息、不给予控制组描述性规范信息，考察医务工作者描述性规范强弱对疫苗犹豫降低量的影响。结果发现，医务工作者描述性规范强弱对疫苗犹豫降低量有显著正向影响，而“信心”和“自满”均对疫苗犹豫降低量无显著影响；“信心”和“自满”对医务工作者描述性规范强弱均无调节作用。 综上，本文的两个研究逐步递进，发现无论人群的“信心”和“自满”水平 如何，提供医务工作者描述性规范均能够显著降低疫苗犹豫。本研究可为卫生健康行政部门和公共卫生政策制定者提供免疫接种宣传策略，积极应对疫苗犹豫，提升人群疫苗覆盖率，降低疾病传播风险。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/48257]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_社会与工程心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 霍达. 描述性规范对疫苗犹豫的影响：“信心”和“自满”的调节作用[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2024. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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