青少年多维压力源与抑郁焦虑症状的关系： 基于网络分析的视角
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 杨晓曼 |
| 答辩日期 | 2024-06 |
| 文献子类 | 继续教育硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 陈祉妍 |
| 关键词 | 青少年 抑郁症状 焦虑症状 多维压力源 模拟干预网络分析 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 健康心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Multidimensional stressors and depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescents: A perspective based on network analysis |
| 中文摘要 | The risks of depression and anxiety remain high among adolescents, imposing significant psychological and economic burdens on the individuals themselves, their families, and society. Stress has been found to be significantly associated with the levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescents, with stressors originating primarily from self, family, and school. Previous research has predominantly focused on the relationship between different stressors and adolescent depression and anxiety at the variable level, with limited exploration into the unique roles of specific stressors and symptoms at the symptom level in the formation, development, and maintenance of adolescent depression and anxiety. This study, based on the network theory of psychopathology and employing network analysis, explored the core symptoms of adolescent depression and anxiety symptoms, along with the fluctuations in symptom networks induced by changes of specific symptoms. Furthermore, this study examined the relationships between different stressors and symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as the fluctuations in stressor and symptom networks caused by changes of specific stressors and symptoms. Study One investigated the core symptoms of depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescents and examined how specific symptom changes induced fluctuations in the symptoms network. The data came from a subset of the National Mental Health Database, comprising 15,569 middle school students (Mean age = 13.44, 50.87% female). Measurement tools included the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. The Ising Model was employed for undirected network analysis and simulated intervention network analysis. Results revealed: 1) "sad mood", "loss of interest", and "uncontrollable worry" were core symptoms in depressive and anxiety symptoms. "Irritability", "restlessness", and "guilt" were bridge symptoms; 2) Lowering the level of "nervousness" significantly reduced levels of depression and anxiety, while increasing the levels of "sad mood" and "uncontrollable worry" significantly increased levels of depression and anxiety. This indicates that "nervousness" can be targeted for intervention in adolescent depression and anxiety, while "sad mood" and "uncontrollable worry" can be targeted for prevention. Study Two, based on Study One, incorporated multidimensional stressors to examine their relationships with depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as how specific stressor changes induced fluctuations in the stressors and symptoms’ network. The participants and analytical methods aligned with Study One. One self-developed Multidimensional Stressor Scale was added to assess stress from five dimensions: academic, family relationships, peer relationships, teacher-student relationships, and personal image. Results showed: 1) "Academic" stress was strongly associated with anxiety symptoms, particularly "nervousness" and "low energy", while "family relationship" stress was significantly related to depressive symptoms, especially "suicidal ideation"; 2) Decreasing "academic" stress leaded to the most substantial downward fluctuations in stressors and symptoms’ levels, while increasing "sad mood" induced the most significant upward fluctuations, suggesting that reducing academic stress could lower adolescent depressive and anxiety symptoms level, and inhibiting the development of "sad mood" can be an effective preventive measure. In conclusion, through an exploratory examination at the symptom level, this study revealed that "nervousness" was a target for treating adolescent depression and anxiety symptoms, and "sad mood" in depression and "Uncontrollable worry" in anxiety were prevention targets. Academic stress was more strongly associated with "nervousness" in anxiety, family relationship stress was more strongly associated with "Suicidal ideation" in depression. Reducing academic stress was crucial for alleviating adolescent depression and anxiety symptoms. This study's findings revealed the core symptoms for prevention and treatment of adolescent depression and anxiety, highlighting differences in the impact of specific stressors on the levels of depression and anxiety in adolescents. This study provides important reference recommendations for developing effective preventive and intervention measures. |
| 英文摘要 | 抑郁和焦虑风险在青少年中检出率居高不下，给青少年自身、家庭和社会带来沉重的心理和经济负担。压力与青少年抑郁和焦虑水平显著相关。青少年压力主要来源于自身、家庭和学校。以往研究大多从变量层面探讨不同压力源与青少年抑郁和焦虑的关系，鲜有研究从症状层面探讨特定压力源和特定症状在青少年抑郁和焦虑形成、发展和维持中的独特作用。本研究基于心理病理学网络理论，采用网络分析方法，探讨青少年抑郁和焦虑的核心症状，及特定症状变化引发症状网络的波动情况。本研究还探索性考察不同压力源与抑郁和焦虑症状的关系，以及特定压力源和症状变化导致压力源和症状网络的波动情况。 研究一探讨青少年抑郁和焦虑的核心症状，及特定症状变化引发整体症状水平的波动。研究被试来源于国民心理健康数据库青少年心理健康数据集，包括 15569 名初中生(M 年龄 = 13.44 岁，50.87%为女生)。测量工具为病人健康问卷 和广泛性焦虑量表。研究一采用易辛模型(Ising Model)进行无向网络分析和模拟干预网络分析。结果显示：(1)“情绪低落”、“兴趣减退”和“不能控制的担忧” 是抑郁和焦虑的核心症状。“易激惹”、“坐立不安”和“无价值感”是联结抑郁和焦虑症状的桥症状；(2)下调“紧张”水平可以明显降低抑郁焦虑水平，上调 “情绪低落”和“不能控制的担忧”水平可以明显增强抑郁焦虑水平，表明 “紧张”可以作为治疗青少年抑郁和焦虑的靶点，“情绪低落”和“不能控制的担忧”可以作为预防的靶点。 研究二在研究一的基础上，纳入不同压力源，考察多维压力源与抑郁和焦虑症状的关系，以及特定压力源和症状变化引发整体压力源和症状水平的波动。研究被试和数据分析方法同研究一。测量工具在研究一基础上，增加多维压力源量表，评估来自学业、家庭关系、同学关系、师生关系和个人形象五个维度的压力。结果显示：(1)学业压力与焦虑中的“紧张”关联紧密，家庭关系压力与抑郁症状中的“自杀意念”关联紧密；(2)下调学业压力水平明显降低了压力和抑郁焦虑水平，上调“情绪低落”水平明显增强了压力和抑郁焦虑水平。这一结果表明，缓解青少年抑郁和焦虑症状需要减轻他们的学业压力，预防抑郁和焦虑的产生和发展需要特别关注“情绪低落”症状。 本研究从症状层面发现，焦虑中的“紧张”症状是治疗青少年抑郁和焦虑症状的靶点，抑郁中的“情绪低落”症状和焦虑中的“不能控制的担忧”症状是预防的靶点。学业压力与焦虑中的“紧张”症状相关更强，家庭关系压力与抑郁中的“自杀意念”症状相关更强。降低学业压力对减轻青少年抑郁和焦虑症状至关重要。本研究结果揭示了预防和治疗青少年抑郁和焦虑的核心症状，指出特定压力源对青少年抑郁和焦虑水平的影响存在差异，为制定有效预防和治疗措施提供重要参考。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/48313]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_健康与遗传心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 杨晓曼. 青少年多维压力源与抑郁焦虑症状的关系： 基于网络分析的视角[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2024. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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