Objective To investigate the development of adaptability in children aged 2-6，and to explore its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for promoting the development of adaptability in young children. Methods Data were from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for Children in China, and 3 319 children aged 2-6 and their parents from 28 sites across 14 provinces were recruited in this study.丁he Development Scale for Children Aged 0-6 years (WS/T 580-2017) was used to measure the developmental quotient of children's adaptive ability, and a survey questionnaire was used to collect relevant information about children and their parents. Results Among 3 319 children aged 2-6，the proportion of slightly low or low level of adaptability, moderate adaptability development, good and excellent adaptability development was 7. 68%，66. 25% and 26. 06%，respectively. The proportion of children aged 5-6 with good and excellent adaptability was lower in 3-year-old and 4-year-old groups (x²=59. 29，P＜0.05). Multiple stepwise linear regression showed that children’s gender（β=0. 06)，gestational age of birth （β=0. 05)，only child （β=-0.04），left behind child （β=-0.04)，the main caregiver （β=-0.06），and the education level of parents level of parents （β=-0.09， 0.10），whether parents actively pay attention to children's emotions （β=-0.06）and whether children play with homemade toys （β=-0.04）were the influencing factors of children's adaptive development quotient. Girls, full-term children, only children non left-behind children, children with parents as main caregivers，parents with a high level of education, parents who often take the initiative to pay attention to children's emotions，and children who play with homemade toys had a higher level of adaptability development quotient. Conclusions The development level of adaptability in children aged 2-6 in China is mostly above the average level and is related to multiple factors. Targeted intervention work can be carried out on relevant factors in order to promote the development of children's adaptability.

目的 了解我国2～6岁儿童适应能力发育情况及其影响因素，为开展儿童适应能力发育促进的举措提供参考。方法 数据来源于“中国0～18岁儿童营养与健康系统调查与应用”项目，以14省28个调查点的3 319名2～6岁儿童及其家长为研究对象。采用《0岁～6岁儿童行为发育评估量表》(WS/T 580-2017)对儿童适应能力发育商进行测查，同时采用调查问卷收集儿童及其家长的相关信息。结果 3 319例2～6岁儿童适应能力水平临界偏低及低下占7.68%,中等占66.25%,良好及优秀占26.06%。其中5～6岁儿童适应能力水平为良好及优秀的人数占比较3～岁组和4～岁组更低(χ~2=59.29,P<0.05)。多元逐步线性回归显示：儿童性别(β=0.06)、出生孕周(β=-0.05)、是否为独生子女(β=-0.04)、留守儿童(β=-0.04)、主要看护人(β=-0.06)、父母的文化程度(β=0.09、0.10)、家长是否主动关注儿童情感(β=-0.06)、儿童是否玩家庭自制玩具(β=-0.04)是儿童适应能力发育商的影响因素。女童、足月儿、独生子女、非留守儿童、主要看护人为父母、父母文化程度高、家长常主动关注儿童情感、玩家庭自制玩具的儿童适应能力发育商较高。结论 我国2～6岁儿童适应能力发育水平多数处于中等偏上水平，且与多种因素相关，可在工作中有针对性地对相关因素进行干预，以促进儿童适应能力得到良好发育。

科技部科技基础资源调查专项课题(2017FY101106,2017FY101100);; 首都儿科研究所创新转化专项(CX-2022-05)