Early parent-child interaction affects children’s social development. Comprehensive observation of interaction behavior and interaction level is helpful to study the relationship between them more objectively. Based on the application of Coding Interactive Behavior(CIB)in the past nearly 15 years，it is found that early parent child interaction affects children’s emotional socialization(empathy and emotion regulation ) and behavioral socialization(prosocial behavior and internalization and externalization problem behavior. The interaction of biobehavioral synchronization，oxytocin，and attachment related brain networks may be the neurobiological mechanism of this effect，which is modulated by childhood factors，family factors，and environmental factors. Future research should focus on the potential direction and influence range of early parent一child interaction and children’s social development，enrich the research evidence of neurophysiological mechanism，and explore “retrospective" longitudinal research methods to make up for the shortcomings of existing horizontal and longitudinal studies.

早期亲子互动会影响儿童社会性发展，对互动行为与互动水平的全面观察有助于更为客观地研究二者间的关系。基于近15年互动行为编码方案（Coding Interactive Behavior,CIB）的应用证据，发现早期亲子互动影响儿童情感社会化（共情能力与情绪调节能力）和行为社会化（亲社会行为与内化外化问题行为）。生物行为同步、催产素、依恋相关大脑网络的相互作用可能是这一影响的神经生物学机制，并受到儿童因素、家庭因素、环境因素的调节。未来研究有必要关注早期亲子互动和儿童社会性发展的潜在方向性和影响范围，丰富神经生理机制的研究证据、探索“回溯式”的纵向研究方法以弥补现有横向研究与纵向研究的不足。

国家自然科学基金项目（31971009）;; 中国科学院青年创新促进会资助