The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated response measures have profoundly impacted both the environment and human life, posing significant challenges to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Several studies have utilized satellite remote sensing to evaluate COVID-19 impacts. In this study, a bibliometric analysis is conducted to reveal the research hotspots limiting to COVID-19 and remote sensing, and further to explore the impacts on SDGs. Results show that the TOP 3 countries of publication amounts are ranked as the United States, China, India. There is a wide range of collaboration in scientific research during this global pandemic, especially in Europe. The publication amounts of research related to SDG 11 are the most, followed by SDG 3, SDG 13, SDG 6, SDG 8, SDG 14, etc. The prevalent topics include the COVID-19 impacts on air quality, water quality, agriculture and food security, climate change, forest ecosystem, and socio-economy. This pandemic brought enormous losses to the socio-economy, which hinders the progress of SDG 8 and SDG 11.5, while had positive or negative effects on goals involving environment and ecosystem, such as SDG 2, SDG 6, SDG 11.6, SDG 13 and SDG 15. Generally, the impacts of COVID-19 on SDGs are comprehensive and systemic, and may depend on the local conditions and management capacity. With satellite remote sensing increasingly vital, global disaster risks can be monitored and managed more effectively to support SDGs in the future.