Rapid urbanization has resulted in notable environmental challenges concerning urban parks and their associated ecosystem services. This study provides an analysis of the spatial landscape patterns of five representative urban parks in Chengdu, China. The analysis identified the cooling effects of the parks and their corresponding ecological environment based on field observations. Additionally, the study employs Geodetector to elucidate the relationship between ecological characteristics and cooling effects. The residents` comfort level was evaluated using the climate comfort index. The results indicate that urban parks contribute significantly to a noticeable cooling effect, primarily attributed to their high landscape heterogeneity and the presence of extensive water bodies. The cooling effect was measured to be above 1 degrees C. Furthermore, various ecosystem types exhibit distinct cooling effects, with shelter forests and lakes inducing notable cooling effects and exhibiting reduced sensitivity to changes in overall temperature and radiation. The presence of water bodies plays a crucial role in the cooling effect of ecosystems. However, it is important to maintain a balance between water bodies and green plants to achieve optimal human comfort. This research provides valuable insights that can guide the strategic implementation of healthy urban planning and development, ultimately enhancing overall well-being.