Rice variety classification is crucial for ensuring the purity and quality of rice production. In this study, hyperspectral images (HSI) of rice varieties were reconstructed using a spectral super-resolution technique, serving as a basis for an enhanced classification process. RGB images of various rice varieties were utilized to reconstruct the HSI, and a hybrid CNN-Transformer model featuring an efficient feature fusion module aimed at reducing redundancy was developed. Building on the spectral super-resolution model, a Swin-Transformer model was employed for rice variety classification, chosen for its capacity to effectively handle high-dimensional data with fewer parameters and lower FLOPs. The classification accuracy based on actual HSI reached an impressive 99.961 %, while the accuracy based on reconstructed HSI was a close 99.413 %. These results demonstrate that the spectral super-resolution method not only effectively reconstructs HSI images of rice varieties but also supports highly reliable classification. It is indicated by the study that spectral super-resolution can significantly outperform advanced CNN and Transformer-based methods in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency, offering a promising approach for precise rice variety classification and potentially other agricultural applications.