Microplastics are widely present worldwide and are of great concern to scientists andgovernments due to their toxicity and ability to serve as carriers of other environmental pollutants.The abundance of microplastics in different water bodies varied significantly, mainly attributed to theinitial emission concentration of pollutants and the migration ability of pollutants. The migrationprocess of microplastics determines the abundance, fate, and bioavailability of microplastics inwater. Previous studies have proved that the physicochemical properties of water bodies and theproperties of microplastics themselves are important factors affecting their migration, but the changein external environmental conditions is also one of the main factors controlling the migration ofmicroplastics. In this paper, we focus on the effects of meteorological factors (rainfall, light, and wind)on the distribution and migration of microplastics and conclude that the influence of meteorologicalfactors on microplastics mainly affects the inflow abundance of microplastics, the physical andchemical properties of water, and the dynamics of water. At the same time, we briefly summarizedthe effects of aquatic organisms, water substrates, and water topography on microplastics. It isbelieved that aquatic organisms can affect the physical and chemical properties of microplasticsthrough the physical adsorption and in vivo transmission of aquatic plants, through the feedingbehavior, swimming, and metabolism of animals, and through the extracellular polymers formedby microorganisms, and can change their original environmental processes in water bodies. A fullunderstanding of the influence and mechanism of external environmental factors on the migration ofmicroplastics is of great theoretical significance for understanding the migration law of microplasticsin water and comprehensively assessing the pollution load and safety risk of microplastics in water.