The Great Markarian 421 Flare of 2010 February: Multiwavelength Variability and Correlation Studies
文献类型：期刊论文
| 作者 | Abeysekara, A. U.; Benbow, W.; Bird, R.; Brill, A.; Brose, R.; Buchovecky, M.; Buckley, J. H.; Christiansen, J. L.; Chromey, A. J.; Daniel, M. K. |
| 刊名 | ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
 |
| 出版日期 | 2020-02-20 |
| 卷号 | 890期号:2页码:21 |
| ISSN号 | 0004-637X |
| DOI | 10.3847/1538-4357/ab6612 |
| 通讯作者 | Fortson, L.(lfortson@umn.edu) |
| 英文摘要 | We report on variability and correlation studies using multiwavelength observations of the blazar Mrk 421 during the month of 2010 February, when an extraordinary flare reaching a level of similar to 27 Crab Units above 1 TeV was measured in very high energy (VHE) gamma-rays with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) observatory. This is the highest flux state for Mrk 421 ever observed in VHE gamma-rays. Data are analyzed from a coordinated campaign across multiple instruments, including VHE gamma-ray (VERITAS, Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov), high-energy gamma-ray (Fermi-LAT), X-ray (Swift, Rossi X-ray Timing Experiment, MAXI), optical (including the GASP-WEBT collaboration and polarization data), and radio (Metsahovi, Owens Valley Radio Observatory, University of Michigan Radio Astronomy Observatory). Light curves are produced spanning multiple days before and after the peak of the VHE flare, including over several flare "decline" epochs. The main flare statistics allow 2 minute time bins to be constructed in both the VHE and optical bands enabling a cross-correlation analysis that shows evidence for an optical lag of similar to 25-55 minutes, the first time-lagged correlation between these bands reported on such short timescales. Limits on the Doppler factor (delta greater than or similar to 33) and the size of the emission region (delta R--1(B) less than or similar to 3.8 x 10(13) cm) are obtained from the fast variability observed by VERITAS during the main flare. Analysis of 10 minute binned VHE and X-ray data over the decline epochs shows an extraordinary range of behavior in the flux-flux relationship, from linear to quadratic to lack of correlation to anticorrelation. Taken together, these detailed observations of an unprecedented flare seen in Mrk 421 are difficult to explain with the classic single-zone synchrotron self-Compton model. |
| WOS关键词 | ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI ; RAY LIGHT CURVES ; BL-LAC OBJECTS ; X-RAY ; CRAB-NEBULA ; BLAZAR FLARES ; RADIO-SOURCES ; TEV PHOTONS ; EMISSION ; RADIATION |
| 资助项目 | U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science ; U.S. National Science Foundation ; Smithsonian Institution ; NSERC in Canada ; National Science Foundation ; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science ; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility[DE-AC0205CH11231] ; German BMBF ; MPG ; Italian INFN ; INAF ; Swiss National Fund SNF ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[FPA2015-69818-P] ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[FPA2012-36668] ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[FPA2015-68378-P] ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[FPA2015-69210-C6-2R] ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[FPA2015-69210-C6-4-R] ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[FPA2015-69210-C6-6-R] ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[AYA2015-71042-P] ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P] ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[ESP201571662-C2-2-P] ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO[FPA201790566REDC] ; Indian Department of Atomic Energy ; Japanese JSPS ; Japanese MEXT ; Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project[DO1-153/28.08.2018] ; Spanish Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa[SEV-2016-0588] ; Spanish Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa[SEV2015-0548] ; Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu[MDM-2014-0369] ; Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project[IP-2016-06-9782] ; University of Rijeka Project[13.12.1.3.02] ; DFG Collaborative Research Centers[SFB823/C4] ; DFG Collaborative Research Centers[SFB876/C3] ; Polish National Research Centre grant[UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382] ; Brazilian MCTIC ; Brazilian CNPq ; Brazilian FAPERJ ; NASA[NNX08AW31G] ; NASA[NNX11A043G] ; NASA[NNX14AQ89G] ; NASA[80NSSC17K0649] ; NSF[AST-0808050] ; NSF[AST1109911] ; NSF[AST 0607523] ; NSF[AST-1615796] ; NASA Fermi GI award[NNX09AU16G] ; Russian RFBR foundation[12-02-00452] ; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation[FR/577/6-320/13] ; Fermi Guest Investigator Program[NNX09AU10G] |
| WOS研究方向 | Astronomy & Astrophysics |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| WOS记录号 | WOS:000522100700006 |
| 出版者 | IOP PUBLISHING LTD |
| 资助机构 | U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science ; U.S. National Science Foundation ; Smithsonian Institution ; NSERC in Canada ; National Science Foundation ; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science ; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility ; German BMBF ; MPG ; Italian INFN ; INAF ; Swiss National Fund SNF ; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO ; Indian Department of Atomic Energy ; Japanese JSPS ; Japanese MEXT ; Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project ; Spanish Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa ; Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu ; Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project ; University of Rijeka Project ; DFG Collaborative Research Centers ; Polish National Research Centre grant ; Brazilian MCTIC ; Brazilian CNPq ; Brazilian FAPERJ ; NASA ; NSF ; NASA Fermi GI award ; Russian RFBR foundation ; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation ; Fermi Guest Investigator Program |
| 源URL | [http://ir.xao.ac.cn/handle/45760611-7/6437]  |
| 专题 | 研究单元未命名 |
| 通讯作者 | Fortson, L. |
| 作者单位 | 1.Indian Inst Space Sci & Technol, Trivandrum, Kerala, India 2.Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Liverpool, Merseyside, England 3.Osservatorio Astron S Di Giacomo Astrocampania, Agerola, Italy 4.INAF Astron Observ Naples, Naples, Italy 5.Univ Cape Town, Dept Astron, Interuniv Inst Data Intens Astron, Rondebosch, South Africa 6.Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Keble Rd, Oxford, England 7.Cosm Dawn Ctr DAWN, Copenhagen, Denmark 8.Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark 9.Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA 10.Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Warsaw, Poland |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Abeysekara, A. U.,Benbow, W.,Bird, R.,et al. The Great Markarian 421 Flare of 2010 February: Multiwavelength Variability and Correlation Studies[J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL,2020,890(2):21. |
| APA | Abeysekara, A. U..,Benbow, W..,Bird, R..,Brill, A..,Brose, R..,...&Villata, M..(2020).The Great Markarian 421 Flare of 2010 February: Multiwavelength Variability and Correlation Studies.ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL,890(2),21. |
| MLA | Abeysekara, A. U.,et al."The Great Markarian 421 Flare of 2010 February: Multiwavelength Variability and Correlation Studies".ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL 890.2(2020):21. |
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