This study was conducted to elucidate the passivation effects and mechanisms of Goethite (Ge) and composite environmental materials, specifically goethite-humic acid (Ge-HA), on soil heavy metals and their biological efficacy. The investigation focused on the impacts of various environmental materials and their combinations on the passivation and biological effectiveness concerning cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) complex contamination in soil, utilizing soil incubation and pot experiments. After 60 days of Ge-HA treatment, the effective concentrations of Cd and Pb were significantly reduced. The TCLP-leachable cadmium and lead decreased by 31.7 % and 95.2 %, respectively, in comparison to the control. This work indicated that Ge-HA is an efficient stabilizer that binds Cd and Pb by surface complexation and ion exchange, therefore decreasing the effective percentages of heavy metals and reducing their accumulation in maize (Zea mays L.). The use of Ge-HA enhances soil quality by augmenting nutrient content, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and diminishing the concentration of heavy metals in the soil, as well as their accumulation and translocation into plants. Ge-HA resulted in decreased toxicity to plants by immobilizing heavy metals and enhancing physicochemical conditions, hence promoting maize growth in polluted soils.