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The Intermediate-mass Black Hole Reverberation Mapping Project: First Detection of Mid-infrared Lags in Prototypical Intermediate-mass Black Holes in NGC 4395 and POX 52

文献类型：期刊论文

作者Sun, Jingbo25,26; Guo, Hengxiao26; Zuo, Wenwen26; Lira, Paulina24; Gu, Minfeng26; Edwards, Philip G.23; Wang, Shu22; Stevens, Jamie23; An, Tao26; Barua, Samuzal26
刊名ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
出版日期2025-08-20
卷号989期号:2
ISSN号2041-8205
DOI10.3847/2041-8213/adf3a3
产权排序第8完成单位
文献子类Article
英文摘要The search for robust evidence of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) is crucial for understanding the black hole seeding process and the formation of supermassive black holes in the early Universe. NGC 4395 and POX 52 are two prototypical IMBH hosts, both exhibiting multiline evidence of low-mass black hole activity. Here we report the first detection of mid-infrared lags in response to optical variability, with measurements of + 3.0 (-1.9) (+2.4) days for NGC 4395 and + 35.2 (-11.7) (+14.2) days for POX 52 at 3.4 mu m, respectively, using archival optical data and observations from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer. This detection provides the first reverberation evidence of low-mass black hole activity in POX 52. The time lags of these two low-mass, low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) generally follow the extent of the R-dust-L5100 relation found in higher-mass AGNs. Based on an empirical relation between the broad-line region and dusty torus size, we constrain the black hole mass of POX 52 to log(M-BH/M-circle dot) = 5.5 +/- 0.37 (systemic and statistical errors), confirming its IMBH nature. Furthermore, long-term optical continuum monitoring of POX 52 reveals a mild interband lag of less than or similar to 1 day. However, no significant intranight variability was detected during its one-night, high-cadence monitoring, which we attribute to the longer duty cycle of fast variability in POX 52 compared to that in NGC 4395.
学科主题天文学 ; 天体物理学 ; 高能天体物理学 ; 星系与宇宙学
URL标识查看原文
出版地TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
WOS关键词ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI ; SIZE-LUMINOSITY RELATION ; OPTICAL CONTINUUM REVERBERATION ; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION ; UNIFORMLY SELECTED SAMPLE ; DWARF SEYFERT-1 GALAXY ; BROAD-LINE REGION ; X-RAY ; SPACE-TELESCOPE ; IR VARIABILITY
资助项目National Key R&D Program of China[2022YFF0503402]; National Key R&D Program of China[2022YFF0503401]; National Key R&D Program of China[2023YFA1607903]; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NFSC)[12473018]; NSFC[12322303]; Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China[2022J06002]; National Science Foundation of China[12473019]; National Science Foundation of China[12233001]; Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research-Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai Branch[JCYJ-SHFY-2021-013]; National SKA Program of China[2022SKA0120102]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation[PID2021-124243NB-C22]; Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu[CEX2020-001058-M]; Astronomical station Vidojevica; Astronomical Observatory Belgrade; KIPAC Fellowship from Stanford University[451-03-136/2025-03/200002]; Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia; EC through project BELISSIMA[FP7-REGPOT-2010-5]; EC through project BELISSIMA[265772]; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) President's International Fellowship Initiative (PIFI)[2024VMB0006]; University of Belgrade-Faculty of Mathematics[451-03-136/2025-03/200104]
WOS研究方向Astronomy & Astrophysics
语种英语
WOS记录号WOS:001548483500001
出版者IOP Publishing Ltd
资助机构National Key R&D Program of China[2022YFF0503402, 2022YFF0503401, 2023YFA1607903] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NFSC)[12473018] ; NSFC[12322303] ; Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China[2022J06002] ; National Science Foundation of China[12473019, 12233001] ; Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research-Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai Branch[JCYJ-SHFY-2021-013] ; National SKA Program of China[2022SKA0120102] ; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation[PID2021-124243NB-C22] ; Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu[CEX2020-001058-M] ; Astronomical station Vidojevica ; Astronomical Observatory Belgrade ; KIPAC Fellowship from Stanford University[451-03-136/2025-03/200002] ; Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia ; EC through project BELISSIMA[FP7-REGPOT-2010-5, 265772] ; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) President's International Fellowship Initiative (PIFI)[2024VMB0006] ; University of Belgrade-Faculty of Mathematics[451-03-136/2025-03/200104]
版本出版稿
源URL[http://ir.ynao.ac.cn/handle/114a53/28510]  
专题云南天文台_丽江天文观测站（南方基地）
云南天文台_中国科学院天体结构与演化重点实验室
通讯作者Sun, Jingbo
作者单位1.Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (KIPAC), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
2.CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China;
3.Department of Physics and Astronomy, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
4.IPAC, Caltech, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA;
5.CSST Science Center for the Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Greater Bay Area, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, People’s Republic of China;
6.School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, People’s Republic of China;
7.Department of Astronomy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China;
8.European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, 85748, Garching, Germany;
9.Astronomical Observatory, Volgina 7, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia;
10.Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Edifici RDIT, Campus UPC, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain;
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714		 Sun, Jingbo,Guo, Hengxiao,Zuo, Wenwen,et al. The Intermediate-mass Black Hole Reverberation Mapping Project: First Detection of Mid-infrared Lags in Prototypical Intermediate-mass Black Holes in NGC 4395 and POX 52[J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS,2025,989(2).
APA Sun, Jingbo.,Guo, Hengxiao.,Zuo, Wenwen.,Lira, Paulina.,Gu, Minfeng.,...&Zheng, Zhenya.(2025).The Intermediate-mass Black Hole Reverberation Mapping Project: First Detection of Mid-infrared Lags in Prototypical Intermediate-mass Black Holes in NGC 4395 and POX 52.ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS,989(2).
MLA Sun, Jingbo,et al."The Intermediate-mass Black Hole Reverberation Mapping Project: First Detection of Mid-infrared Lags in Prototypical Intermediate-mass Black Holes in NGC 4395 and POX 52".ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS 989.2(2025).

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