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The cranial endocast of tritylodontid Bienotheroides (Cynodontia, Mammaliamorpha) and its relevance to mammalian neurosensory evolution

文献类型：期刊论文

作者Ren, Jicheng5,6; Wang, Ping2,3; Wei, Zhaoying2,3; Liu, Lu4; Meng, Jin1; Mao, Fangyuan5
刊名PAPERS IN PALAEONTOLOGY
出版日期2025-05-01
卷号11期号:3页码:28
关键词Tritylodontidae Bienotheroides Chongqing brain endocast inner ear neurosensory evolution
ISSN号2056-2799
DOI10.1002/spp2.70021
通讯作者Ren, Jicheng(renjicheng@ivpp.ac.cn) ; Mao, Fangyuan(maofangyuan@ivpp.ac.cn)
英文摘要Tritylodontidae are a cosmopolitan group of derived cynodonts that thrived during the Mesozoic Era. Among the tritylodontids, the genus Bienotheroides is distinguished by its short snout, reduced maxilla, and deep zygomatic arch. Here we describe the endocranial anatomy (brain endocast, inner ear, blood vessels and cranial nerves) of Bienotheroides sp. collected from the Middle Jurassic Lower Shaximiao Formation and Xintiangou Formation in the Yunyang area of Chongqing, China. The cranial endocast features enlarged olfactory bulbs and a slender hypophysis. It is long and horizontally oriented in the brain cavity. The unossified zone is moderately developed. The paraflocculus is less developed than in most known cynodonts. The brain cast of Bienotheroides is divided into two cerebral hemispheres by a median interhemispheric sulcus, which is present only in the anterior half of the forebrain. The posterior portion of the forebrain remains undifferentiated. This condition appears to be more derived than the completely undifferentiated forebrain found in basal cynodonts. However, it is primitive compared with the fully divided cerebral hemispheres observed in probainognathian cynodonts, as well as in mammaliaforms. The 11 pairs of cranial nerves (excluding CN VI) in Bienotheroides are arranged longitudinally along the brain endocast, and its inner ear labyrinth is characterized by an elongated, uncoiled cochlea. The estimated encephalization quotient of Bienotheroides is similar to that of basal probainognathians or traversodontids, but relatively lower compared with derived probainognathians and mammaliaforms.
WOS关键词OSSEOUS INNER-EAR ; ENDOCRANIAL CASTS ; THERAPSIDA ; REPTILE ; ORIGIN ; BRAIN ; PHYLOGENY ; ANATOMY ; RECONSTRUCTION ; EUCYNODONTIA
资助项目Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[42122010] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[42072002] ; Outstanding Member of Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[Y2023017] ; [CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1537]
WOS研究方向Paleontology
语种英语
WOS记录号WOS:001507151700001
出版者WILEY
资助机构Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; Outstanding Member of Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
源URL[http://119.78.100.205/handle/311034/24642]  
专题中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所
通讯作者Ren, Jicheng; Mao, Fangyuan
作者单位1.Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Paleontol, New York, NY 10024 USA
2.Chongqing Key Lab Paleontol & Paleoenvironment Coe, Chongqing 401122, Peoples R China
3.Chongqing Inst Paleontol, Chongqing 401122, Peoples R China
4.Natl Nat Hist Museum China, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China
5.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol, Key Lab Vertebrate Evolut & Human Origins, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China
6.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714		 Ren, Jicheng,Wang, Ping,Wei, Zhaoying,et al. The cranial endocast of tritylodontid Bienotheroides (Cynodontia, Mammaliamorpha) and its relevance to mammalian neurosensory evolution[J]. PAPERS IN PALAEONTOLOGY,2025,11(3):28.
APA Ren, Jicheng,Wang, Ping,Wei, Zhaoying,Liu, Lu,Meng, Jin,&Mao, Fangyuan.(2025).The cranial endocast of tritylodontid Bienotheroides (Cynodontia, Mammaliamorpha) and its relevance to mammalian neurosensory evolution.PAPERS IN PALAEONTOLOGY,11(3),28.
MLA Ren, Jicheng,et al."The cranial endocast of tritylodontid Bienotheroides (Cynodontia, Mammaliamorpha) and its relevance to mammalian neurosensory evolution".PAPERS IN PALAEONTOLOGY 11.3(2025):28.

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