Post-collisional magmatic rocks in central Tibet provide an opportunity to study the processes of continental crustal growth in a collision zone. Here, we report data for samples of andesites and coeval mafic dikes obtained from the Jiaqiong area of the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone, central Tibet. Zircon U–Pb dating shows that the andesites and mafic dikes were emplaced concurrently during the late Early Cretaceous (ca. 115 Ma). The andesites have high Mg^# values (55.2–61.6) and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7086–0.7088), negative whole-rock ε_Nd(t) (−6.5 to − 6.1) and zircon ε_Hf(t) (−5.1 to − 1.7) values, and elevated zircon δ¹⁸O (6.8‰–7.5‰) values, indicating that the andesites were probably derived by the partial melting of an ancient subduction-modified lithospheric mantle. The coeval mafic dikes have moderately high Mg^# values (49.3–50.0) and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7076–0.7082), and negative ε_Nd(t) values (−5.4 to − 5.3), implying that they were derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle source. However, the zircon ε_Hf(t) (−5.8 to + 1.6) and δ¹⁸O (5.2‰–6.3‰) values of these mafic dikes indicate the influence of depleted mantle components. Furthermore, results of Sr–Nd–Hf–O isotopic mixing modeling suggest that these mafic dikes could have been produced by interaction between asthenospheric and lithospheric mantle. Therefore, we suggest that the parental magmas of the mafic dikes were probably generated by interaction between asthenospheric and overlying metasomatized lithospheric mantle. Combined with data on nearby Cretaceous magmatic rocks and sedimentary strata, we propose that the studied magmatic rocks were formed in a post-collisional slab breakoff setting in central Tibet and have made a substantial contribution to the vertical growth of continental crust in this continental collision zone.