The Youjiang Basin in SW China hosts the second-largest concentration of Carlin-type gold deposits in the word, yet it has long been debated in determining the age of Au mineralization due to the lack of suitable geochronometers. This study combines in situ U-Pb dating of monazite and xenotime with Rb-Sr dating of sericite from the Tangshang Au deposit to constrain the temporal framework of the Carlin-type gold mineralization in SW China. Mineralogical observations reveal that both monazite and xenotime co-precipitated with auriferous pyrite. Geochemically, monazite displays low Th concentrations (240–953 ppm) and right-sloping REE distribution patterns, while xenotime has low U contents (mostly < 200 ppm), low U/Th values (mostly < 10), and middle REE (MREE)-enriched hump-shaped distribution profiles. The textural and geochemical characteristics robustly indicate hydrothermal origins for both minerals. Sericite aggregates typically intergrown with quartz and ankerite and locally enclose auriferous pyrite, indicating they formed through ore-related hydrothermal alteration. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) monazite and xenotime U-Pb dating yielded ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 205.5 ± 3.9 Ma and 189.4 ± 4.5 Ma, respectively, whereas laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS/MS) sericite Rb-Sr isochron dating gave an age of 181 ± 3 Ma. New xenotime and sericite ages roughly overlap within analytical uncertainty but are remarkably younger than monazite age, suggesting two distinct episodes of Carlin-type Au mineralization in SW China. Integrating previous isotopic dating results across the region with our new chronological constraints, we suggest that Carlin-type Au mineralization developed through two distinct tectonic episodes in SW China associated with the post-collisional extension following the Indochina-South China collision during Late Triassic and the incipient paleo-Pacific Plate subduction accompanied by back-arc extension in Early Jurassic.