This study investigates the impact of wind screen structure on the observing environment of a telescope using  the finite element m ethod. A simplified geometric mo del comprising the telescope, fully op en lightweight dome,  and tower was established. The effects o f w ind s creen s tructure u nder A ntarctic w ind l oads w ere analyzed,  followed by wind tunnel tests and data comparison. Results indicate that longitudinal rod arrangement is more  effective t han h orizontal f or w ind r eduction. R od l ength a nd w idth d o n ot s ignificantly aff ect win d reduction,  but turbulence kinetic energy correlates positively with rod length. Longitudinal rods with 50% transmittance  satisfy wind speed and turbulence reduction requirements, although dome seeing reaches maximum. Higher  transmittance increases wind pressure on the telescope surface. Ideal wind screen structure includes longitudinal  rods, 25%50% transmittance, and shorter length with greater height.