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A Massive Yellow Supergiant in the Far Outer Disk of M31: Evidence for in Situ Massive Star Formation beyond the Optical Radius

文献类型：期刊论文

作者Chen, Pinjian5,6; Chen, Bingqiu4; Yuan, Haibo1,3; Fang, Xuan2,5,6; Chen, Xiaodian1,5,6; Tsai, Chao-Wei1,5,6; Zhang, Kai5,6; Liu, Xiaowei4
刊名ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
出版日期2025-08-04
卷号170期号:2页码:89
ISSN号0004-6256
DOI10.3847/1538-3881/ade68a
产权排序6
英文摘要While massive stars are known to shape galactic ecosystems, their formation has long been assumed to require the high-density environments of inner galactic disks. This paradigm is challenged by mounting evidence of young massive stars in extended galaxy outskirts, yet direct confirmation of in situ massive star formation in such extreme low-density environments remains scarce. Here, we present the discovery of LAMOST J0048+4154, a massive yellow supergiant situated at a deprojected galactocentric distance of similar to 34 kpc in M31, making it the most distant massive star confirmed in this galaxy. Through spectroscopic and photometric analyses, we classify J0048+4154 as an F5-F8I supergiant with an effective temperature of 6357-118+121 K and a luminosity of logL/L circle dot=5.00-0.06+0.06 , corresponding to an similar to 18 M circle dot progenitor and an age of similar to 10 Myr. FAST H i observations reveal close spatial and kinematic alignment between the star and a faint H i external arm, suggesting in situ formation in a region of low gas density. The presence of other UV-bright, early-type stars in the vicinity further supports low-level recent star formation in M31's very outer disk. These findings challenge the prevailing assumption that massive star formation is confined to inner disks or classical star-forming regions and underscore the need to reexamine the role of spiral galaxy outskirts in fueling and sustaining star formation. J0048+4154 thereby expands our understanding of the extent of M31's young stellar component and exemplifies how outer disks may harbor conditions conducive to forming massive stars despite low-density environments.
WOS关键词EXTENDED ULTRAVIOLET DISK ; CURRENTLY FORMING STARS ; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE ; ASTROSAT UVIT SURVEY ; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY ; M-CIRCLE-DOT ; RED SUPERGIANT ; UBVRI PHOTOMETRY ; MESA ISOCHRONES ; STELLAR MODELS
资助项目MOST divided by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001809[12173034] ; MOST divided by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001809[12322304] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[202301AV070002] ; National Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province ; Xingdian talent support program of Yunnan Province[CMS-CSST-2021-A09] ; Xingdian talent support program of Yunnan Province[CMS-CSST-2021-A08] ; Xingdian talent support program of Yunnan Province[CMS-CSST-2021-B03] ; China Manned Space Project
WOS研究方向Astronomy & Astrophysics
语种英语
WOS记录号WOS:001529399900001
出版者IOP Publishing Ltd
资助机构MOST divided by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001809 ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province ; Xingdian talent support program of Yunnan Province ; China Manned Space Project
源URL[http://ir.xao.ac.cn/handle/45760611-7/7934]  
专题研究单元未命名
通讯作者Chen, Bingqiu
作者单位1.Beijing Normal Univ, Inst Frontiers Astron & Astrophys, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China
2.Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Astron Observ, 150 Sci 1 St, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, Peoples R China
3.Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China
4.Yunnan Univ, South Western Inst Astron Res, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, Peoples R China
5.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Sch Astron & Space Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China
6.Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714		 Chen, Pinjian,Chen, Bingqiu,Yuan, Haibo,et al. A Massive Yellow Supergiant in the Far Outer Disk of M31: Evidence for in Situ Massive Star Formation beyond the Optical Radius[J]. ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL,2025,170(2):89.
APA Chen, Pinjian.,Chen, Bingqiu.,Yuan, Haibo.,Fang, Xuan.,Chen, Xiaodian.,...&Liu, Xiaowei.(2025).A Massive Yellow Supergiant in the Far Outer Disk of M31: Evidence for in Situ Massive Star Formation beyond the Optical Radius.ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL,170(2),89.
MLA Chen, Pinjian,et al."A Massive Yellow Supergiant in the Far Outer Disk of M31: Evidence for in Situ Massive Star Formation beyond the Optical Radius".ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL 170.2(2025):89.

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