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The ALMA-ATOMS survey: A sample of weak hot core candidates identified through line stacking

文献类型：期刊论文

作者Li, Zi-Yang1,24; Liu, Xunchuan24; Liu, Tie24; Qin, Sheng-Li1; Goldsmith, Paul F.23; Garcia, Pablo21,22; Peng, Yaping20; Chen, Li1; Jiao, Yunfan19,24; Kou, Zhiping1,18,19
刊名ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
出版日期2025-05-20
卷号697页码:A190
关键词ISM: clouds ISM: lines and bands ISM: molecules galaxies: ISM
ISSN号0004-6361
DOI10.1051/0004-6361/202452762
产权排序8
英文摘要Context. Hot cores represent critical astrophysical environments for high-mass star formation, distinguished by their rich spectra of organic molecular emission lines. Nevertheless, comprehensive statistical analyses of extensive hot core samples remain relatively scarce in current astronomical research. Aims. We aim to utilize high-angular-resolution molecular line data from the Atacama Large Millimeter and Submillimeter Array (ALMA) to identify hot cores, with a particular focus on weak-emission candidates, and to provide one of the largest samples of hot core candidates to date. Methods. We propose to use spectral stacking and imaging techniques of complex organic molecules (COMs) in the ALMA-ATOMS survey, including line identification and weights, segmentation of line datacubes, resampling, stacking and normalization, moment 0 maps, and data analysis, to search for hot core candidates. The molecules involved include CH3OH, CH3OCHO, C2H5CN, C2H5OH, CH3OCH3, CH3COCH3, and CH3CHO. We classify cores with dense emission of CH3OH and at least one molecule from the other six molecules as hot core candidates. Results. In addition to the existing sample of 60 strong hot cores from the ALMA-ATOMS survey, we have detected 40 new weak candidates through stacking. All hot core candidates display compact emission from at least one of the other six COM species. For the strong sample, the stacking method provides molecular column density estimates that are consistent with previous fitting results. For the newly identified weak candidates, all species except CH3CHO show compact emission in the stacked image, which cannot be fully resolved spatially. These weak candidates exhibit column densities of COMs that are approximately one order of magnitude lower than the ones of the strong sample. The entire hot core sample, including the weak candidates, reveals tight correlations between the compact emission of CH3OH and other COM species, suggesting they may share a similar chemical environment for COMs, with CH3OH potentially acting as a precursor for other COMs. Among the 100 hot cores in total, 43 exhibit extended CH3CHO emission spatially correlated with SiO and (HCO+)-C-13, suggesting that CH3CHO may form in widely distributed shock regions. Conclusions. The molecular line stacking technique is used to identify hot core candidates in this work, leading to the identification of 40 new hot core candidates. Compared to spectral line fitting methods, it is faster and more convenient, and enables weaker hot cores to be detected with greater sensitivity.
WOS关键词STAR-FORMING REGIONS ; ORION-KL ; 3-MILLIMETER OBSERVATIONS ; COMPLEX CHEMISTRY ; DISTANT GALAXIES ; MOLECULAR CORES ; GAS ; SUBMILLIMETER ; INTERSTELLAR ; BEARING
资助项目National Key R&D Program of China[2022YFA1603100] ; Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[XDB0800303] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)[12033005] ; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration[80NM0018D0004] ; NSFC[12303028] ; NSFC[FB210003] ; Basic Science Research Program through the NRF - Ministry of Education, Science and Technology[NRF-2019R1A2C1010851] ; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Korea government (MSIT)[2024-1-841-00] ; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Korea government (MSIT)[JP22H01271] ; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Korea government (MSIT)[JP23H01221] ; JSPS ; Yunnan Fundamental Research Project[202301AT070118] ; Yunnan Fundamental Research Project[202401AS070121] ; Xingdian Talent Support Plan-Youth Project
WOS研究方向Astronomy & Astrophysics
语种英语
WOS记录号WOS:001491373300009
出版者EDP SCIENCES S A
资助机构National Key R&D Program of China ; Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) ; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; NSFC ; Basic Science Research Program through the NRF - Ministry of Education, Science and Technology ; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Korea government (MSIT) ; JSPS ; Yunnan Fundamental Research Project ; Xingdian Talent Support Plan-Youth Project
源URL[http://ir.xao.ac.cn/handle/45760611-7/7816]  
专题天体化学研究团组
通讯作者Liu, Xunchuan; Liu, Tie; Qin, Sheng-Li
作者单位1.Yunnan Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Kunming 650091, Peoples R China
2.Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, POB 1029 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
3.Univ Oslo, Rosseland Ctr Solar Phys, POB 1029 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
4.Xinjiang Key Lab Radio Astrophys, 150 Sci 1 St, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, Peoples R China
5.Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
6.Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
7.Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan
8.Inst Sci Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan
9.Univ Sci & Technol, Korea UST, 217 Gajeong Ro, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
10.Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, 776 Daedeokdaero, Daejeon 34055, South Korea
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714		 Li, Zi-Yang,Liu, Xunchuan,Liu, Tie,et al. The ALMA-ATOMS survey: A sample of weak hot core candidates identified through line stacking[J]. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS,2025,697:A190.
APA Li, Zi-Yang.,Liu, Xunchuan.,Liu, Tie.,Qin, Sheng-Li.,Goldsmith, Paul F..,...&Shen, Xianjin.(2025).The ALMA-ATOMS survey: A sample of weak hot core candidates identified through line stacking.ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS,697,A190.
MLA Li, Zi-Yang,et al."The ALMA-ATOMS survey: A sample of weak hot core candidates identified through line stacking".ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS 697(2025):A190.

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