The bright long-lived Type II SN 2021irp powered by aspherical circumstellar material interaction I. Revealing the energy source with photometry and spectroscopy
文献类型：期刊论文
| 作者 | Reynolds, T. M.12,13,14; Nagao, T.10,11,14; Gottumukkala, R.12,13; Gutiérrez, C. P.8,9; Kangas, T.7,14; Kravtsov, T.14; Kuncarayakti, H.14; Maeda, K.6; Elias, N.5,8; Fraser, M.1 |
| 刊名 | ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
 |
| 出版日期 | 2025-10-24 |
| 卷号 | 702 |
| 关键词 | supernovae: general supernovae: individual: SN 2021irp |
| ISSN号 | 0004-6361 |
| DOI | 10.1051/0004-6361/202553792 |
| 产权排序 | 第14完成单位 |
| 文献子类 | Article |
| 英文摘要 | Context. Some core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) are too luminous and radiate too much total energy to be powered by the release of thermal energy from the ejecta and radioactive-decay energy from the synthesised Ni-56/Co-56. A source of additional power is the interaction between the supernova (SN) ejecta and the massive circumstellar material (CSM). This is an important power source in Type IIn SNe, which show narrow spectral lines arising from the unshocked CSM, but not all interacting SNe show such narrow lines. Aims. We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of the hydrogen-rich SN 2021irp, which is both luminous, with M-o < -19.4 mag, and long-lived, remaining brighter than M-o = -18 mag for similar to 250 d. We show that an additional energy source is required to power such a SN, and we determine the nature of the source. We also investigate the properties of the pre-existing and newly formed dust associated with the SN. Methods. Photometric observations show that the luminosity of the SN is an order of magnitude higher than typical Type II SNe and persists for much longer. We detect an infrared excess attributed to dust emission. Spectra show multi-component line profiles, an Fe II pseudo-continuum, and a lack of absorption lines, all typical features of Type IIn SNe. We detect a narrow (< 85 kms(-1)) P Cygni profile associated with the unshocked CSM. An asymmetry in emission line profiles indicates dust formation occurring from 250-300 d. Analysis of the SN blackbody radius evolution indicates asymmetry in the shape of the emitting region. Results. We identify the main power source of SN 2021irp as extensive interaction with a massive CSM, and that this CSM is distributed asymmetrically around the progenitor star. The infrared excess is explained with emission from newly formed dust although there is also some evidence of an IR echo from pre-existing dust at early times. |
| 学科主题 | 天文学 ; 恒星与银河系 |
| URL标识 | 查看原文 |
| 出版地 | 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE |
| WOS关键词 | CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE ; SPITZER SPACE-TELESCOPE ; NEWLY FORMED DUST ; LIGHT-CURVES ; LUMINOUS SUPERNOVA ; INFRARED ECHO ; EARLY UNIVERSE ; LINE-PROFILES ; P SUPERNOVA ; MASS-LOSS |
| 资助项目 | DRNF[DNRF140]; Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) - Danish National Research Foundation; Finnish Academy of Science and Letters through the Finnish postdoc pool[360274]; Research Council of Finland; Magnus Ehrnrooth Foundation; Vilho, Yrj and Kalle Visl Foundation; Secretary of Universities and Research(Government of Catalonia)[2021 BP 00168]; Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme of the European Union; Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacin (MCIN)[PID2023-151307NB-I00]; Agencia Estatal de Investigacin (AEI)[20215AT016]; Centro Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas (CSIC) under the PIE project[CEX2020-001058-M]; Programme Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu[2021-SGR-01270]; Departament de Recerca i Universitats de la Generalitat de Catalunya[12303054]; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)[2024YFA1611603]; National Key Research and Development Programme of China[202401AU070063]; Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects[202302AN360001]; International Centre of Supernovae, Yunnan Key Laboratory[JP24KK0070]; International Centre of Supernovae, Yunnan Key Laboratory[24H01810]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI[JPJSBP120229923]; JSPS Open Partnership Bilateral Joint Research Projects between Japan[2022]; JSPS Open Partnership Bilateral Joint Research Projects between Japan[22K03676]; PRIN-INAF; Royal Society - Science Foundation Ireland University Research Fellowship; ESA Gaia, DPAC - National Aeronautics and Space Administration[AST-1238877]; National Science Foundation; InfraredSynergetic Telescopes for Education and Research (OISTER) programme; Max-Planck Society; Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics; Queen's University Belfast; National Central University of Taiwan; Space Telescope Science Institute[NNX08AR22G]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA Science Mission Directorate; University of Maryland, Eotvos Lorand University (ELTE); Los Alamos National Laboratory; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; Center for High Performance Computing at the University of Utah; Carnegie Institution for Science; Center for Astrophysics | Harvard; Chilean Participation Group; French Participation Group; Johns Hopkins University; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU) / University of Tokyo; Korean Participation Group; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Max-Planck-Institut fr Astrophysik (MPA Garching); Max-Planck-Institut fr Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE); New Mexico State University, New York University; Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, United Kingdom Participation Group[P64-507]; Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, United Kingdom Participation Group[66-506]; Yale University - National Aeronautics and Space Administration; University of Turku; Aarhus University; University of Iceland; Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA)[105.20DF.002]; Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA)[108.228K.001]; Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA)[108.228K.002]; University of Copenhagen[2022]; University ofCalifornia, Los Angeles - National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| WOS研究方向 | Astronomy & Astrophysics |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| WOS记录号 | WOS:001600932400013 |
| 出版者 | EDP SCIENCES S A |
| 资助机构 | DRNF[DNRF140] ; Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) - Danish National Research Foundation ; Finnish Academy of Science and Letters through the Finnish postdoc pool[360274] ; Research Council of Finland ; Magnus Ehrnrooth Foundation ; Vilho, Yrj and Kalle Visl Foundation ; Secretary of Universities and Research(Government of Catalonia)[2021 BP 00168] ; Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme of the European Union ; Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacin (MCIN)[PID2023-151307NB-I00] ; Agencia Estatal de Investigacin (AEI)[20215AT016] ; Centro Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas (CSIC) under the PIE project[CEX2020-001058-M] ; Programme Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu[2021-SGR-01270] ; Departament de Recerca i Universitats de la Generalitat de Catalunya[12303054] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)[2024YFA1611603] ; National Key Research and Development Programme of China[202401AU070063] ; Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects[202302AN360001] ; International Centre of Supernovae, Yunnan Key Laboratory[JP24KK0070, 24H01810] ; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI[JPJSBP120229923] ; JSPS Open Partnership Bilateral Joint Research Projects between Japan[2022, 22K03676] ; PRIN-INAF ; Royal Society - Science Foundation Ireland University Research Fellowship ; ESA Gaia, DPAC - National Aeronautics and Space Administration[AST-1238877] ; National Science Foundation ; InfraredSynergetic Telescopes for Education and Research (OISTER) programme ; Max-Planck Society ; Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics ; Queen's University Belfast ; National Central University of Taiwan ; Space Telescope Science Institute[NNX08AR22G] ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; NASA Science Mission Directorate ; University of Maryland, Eotvos Lorand University (ELTE) ; Los Alamos National Laboratory ; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science ; Center for High Performance Computing at the University of Utah ; Carnegie Institution for Science ; Center for Astrophysics | Harvard ; Chilean Participation Group ; French Participation Group ; Johns Hopkins University ; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU) / University of Tokyo ; Korean Participation Group ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Max-Planck-Institut fr Astrophysik (MPA Garching) ; Max-Planck-Institut fr Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) ; New Mexico State University, New York University ; Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, United Kingdom Participation Group[P64-507, 66-506] ; Yale University - National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; University of Turku ; Aarhus University ; University of Iceland ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA)[105.20DF.002, 108.228K.001, 108.228K.002] ; University of Copenhagen[2022] ; University ofCalifornia, Los Angeles - National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| 版本 | 出版稿 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.ynao.ac.cn/handle/114a53/28695]  |
| 专题 | 云南天文台_丽江天文观测站（南方基地） |
| 通讯作者 | Reynolds, T. M. |
| 作者单位 | 1.UCD School of Physics, L.M.I. Main Building, Beech Hill Road, Dublin 4 D04 P7W1, Ireland; 2.Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650216, P.R. China; 3.School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Diogenes Street, Engomi, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus; 4.The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; 5.INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy; 6.Department of Astronomy, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; 7.Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland; 8.Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain; 9.Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Edifici RDIT, Campus UPC, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain; 10.Aalto University Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, P.O. BOX 15500 FI-00076 AALTO, Finland; |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Reynolds, T. M.,Nagao, T.,Gottumukkala, R.,et al. The bright long-lived Type II SN 2021irp powered by aspherical circumstellar material interaction I. Revealing the energy source with photometry and spectroscopy[J]. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS,2025,702. |
| APA | Reynolds, T. M..,Nagao, T..,Gottumukkala, R..,Gutiérrez, C. P..,Kangas, T..,...&Yamanaka, M..(2025).The bright long-lived Type II SN 2021irp powered by aspherical circumstellar material interaction I. Revealing the energy source with photometry and spectroscopy.ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS,702. |
| MLA | Reynolds, T. M.,et al."The bright long-lived Type II SN 2021irp powered by aspherical circumstellar material interaction I. Revealing the energy source with photometry and spectroscopy".ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS 702(2025). |
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