Discovery of a Luminosity-dependent Continuum Lag in NGC 4151 from Photometric and Spectroscopic Continuum Reverberation Mapping
文献类型：期刊论文
| 作者 | Feng HC(封海成)15,16,17,18; Li SS(李莎莎)15,16,17,18; Sun, Mouyuan14; Pinto, Ciro13; Zhou, Shuying14; Xu, Yerong11,12; Bai JM(白金明)15,16,17,18; Bontà, Elena Dalla1,9,10; Dong, ZhongNan6,7,8; Kumari, Neeraj13 |
| 刊名 | ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
 |
| 出版日期 | 2026-02-01 |
| 卷号 | 997期号:2 |
| ISSN号 | 0004-637X |
| DOI | 10.3847/1538-4357/ae30db |
| 产权排序 | 第1完成单位 |
| 文献子类 | Article |
| 英文摘要 | Accretion onto supermassive black holes (SMBHs) powers active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and drives feedback that shapes galaxy evolution. Constraining AGN accretion disk structure is therefore essential for understanding black hole growth and feedback processes. However, direct constraints on disk size remain rare-particularly from long-term, multiseason spectroscopic reverberation mapping (RM), which is critical for isolating the intrinsic disk response from the broad-line region (BLR). We present results from an intensive multiwavelength RM campaign of NGC 4151 during its brightest state in nearly two decades. This represents the third high-cadence monitoring over the past decade, capturing accretion states spanning the transitional regime between thin and thick disks, making NGC 4151 the only AGN with continuum RM observations across such a wide range in accretion states. Combining spectroscopy from the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope with coordinated Swift UV/X-ray monitoring, we measure interband continuum lags from UV to optical. The wavelength-dependent lags follow a tight tau proportional to lambda(4/3) relation, consistent with reprocessing in a thin disk, but exceed theoretical predictions by a factor of 6.6. Our lag spectrum reveals clear excesses near the Balmer and possibly Paschen jumps, confirming diffuse continuum (DC) contamination from the BLR. By comparing the three campaigns, we discover a nonmonotonic lag-luminosity trend (>3 sigma), which cannot be explained by DC emission alone. We propose that the lags reflect combined disk and BLR contributions, and present the first evidence that the DC component follows an intrinsic Baldwin effect. These results offer new insights into SMBH mass measurements and theoretical models of AGN inner structure. |
| 学科主题 | 天文学 ; 天体物理学 ; 高能天体物理学 ; 星系与宇宙学 |
| URL标识 | 查看原文 |
| 出版地 | No.2 The Distillery, Glassfields, Avon Street, Bristol, ENGLAND |
| WOS关键词 | ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI ; BLACK-HOLE MASS ; ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION ; X-RAY CORONA ; SPACE TELESCOPE ; FAIRALL 9 ; SWIFT ; DISK ; VARIABILITY ; AGN |
| 资助项目 | National Natural Science Foundation of China[12203096] |
| WOS研究方向 | Astronomy & Astrophysics |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| WOS记录号 | WOS:001674657400001 |
| 出版者 | IOP Publishing Ltd |
| 资助机构 | National Natural Science Foundation of China[12203096] |
| 版本 | 出版稿 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.ynao.ac.cn/handle/114a53/28895]  |
| 专题 | 云南天文台_丽江天文观测站（南方基地） |
| 通讯作者 | Feng HC(封海成) |
| 作者单位 | 1.INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy; 2.INAF–IASF Palermo, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy 3.INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00040, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy; 4.INAF–Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy; 5.Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 80 Nandan Road, Shanghai 200030, People’s Republic of China; 6.National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China; 7.CSST Science Center for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area, Zhuhai 519082, People’s Republic of China; 8.School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, People’s Republic of China; 9.Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK; 10.Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3, I-35122 Padova, Italy; |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Feng HC,Li SS,Sun, Mouyuan,et al. Discovery of a Luminosity-dependent Continuum Lag in NGC 4151 from Photometric and Spectroscopic Continuum Reverberation Mapping[J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL,2026,997(2). |
| APA | 封海成.,李莎莎.,Sun, Mouyuan.,Pinto, Ciro.,Zhou, Shuying.,...&熊定荣.(2026).Discovery of a Luminosity-dependent Continuum Lag in NGC 4151 from Photometric and Spectroscopic Continuum Reverberation Mapping.ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL,997(2). |
| MLA | 封海成,et al."Discovery of a Luminosity-dependent Continuum Lag in NGC 4151 from Photometric and Spectroscopic Continuum Reverberation Mapping".ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL 997.2(2026). |
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来源：云南天文台
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