The ash trees (Fraxinus, Oleaceae) are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and have a rich fossil record, mainly based on samaras and leaves. In contrast, fossil wood attributable to Fraxinus is rare, particularly in East Asia. Here we describe two silicified wood specimens collected from the Early Miocene Xiacaowan Formation in Sihong County, Jiangsu Province, eastern China. The fossil wood is characterized by distinct growth rings, ring-porous wood, solitary earlywood vessels arranged in tangential bands, predominantly alternate intervessel pitting, vasicentric to locally confluent axial parenchyma, and heterocellular multiseriate rays 2-6 cells wide. These anatomical features are consistent with the wood anatomy of extant genus Fraxinus and support assignment to the fossil genus Fraxinoxylon. A new species, Fraxinoxylon sihongense sp. nov., is established based on a unique combination of diagnostic characters. This discovery represents the first record of Fraxinoxylon from Jiangsu Province and the second confirmed fossil wood of Fraxinus affinity reported from China. The occurrence of Fraxinoxylon sihongense in the Xiacaowan Formation confirms the presence of ash trees in eastern China during the Early Miocene. This finding extends the palaeogeographic range of Fraxinus in East Asia and suggests that it was an important component of warm, seasonally humid forests in this region. Our study highlights the significance of fossil wood for reconstructing the evolutionary history and palaeobiogeography of Fraxinus.