地震灾区典型村镇聚落重构与发展能力研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 常飞 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2012-05-18 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 邓伟 |
| 关键词 | 汶川地震灾区 村镇聚落 重构 发展能力 |
| 其他题名 | Research on settlements reconstruction and developing ability of typical villages in seismic disastrous area |
| 学位专业 | 自然地理学 |
| 中文摘要 | 汶川地震灾区已基本完成灾后重建任务，村镇因在此次地震中受灾量最大，涉及地域最广而成为重建力度最大的部分，也是灾区复兴的关键，作为灾区村镇人口居住和生活的村镇聚落，一直以来就面临着诸多实质性的问题。由于发展的地区差异，汶川地震灾区的村镇聚落发展远滞后于沿海等经济发达地区的村镇聚落。进入21世纪后，国家为推动“西部大开发”而采取的一系列政策以及为解决“三农”问题而实施的一系列重大举措，推动了这些村镇聚落的发展，加之随后地震灾害的影响，其人地关系发生了巨大的变化，聚落的空间要素、生产要素和社会要素等随之发生分化和重新组合，聚落解构后又进行了重构，而聚落重构与生产力的重新分布，都决定了村镇聚落的发展方向。因此对灾区村镇聚落的重构与发展状况进行研究，现实意义紧迫、理论意义重大。本文在对相关理论和国内外研究进展梳理的基础上，以典型村镇聚落为例，深入系统地探讨了地震灾区典型村镇聚落重构与发展能力的若干问题，论文的主要研究结论如下： (1) 通过从地域-形态空间、功能活动空间、空间感知三个角度对地震灾区村镇聚落空间结构的研究发现：地震灾区村镇聚落的外向扩展和内部重组，冲击着聚落中人对活动区位的选择，造成了聚落居民空间感知的变化，影响着居民的空间需求，而不同地域的村镇聚落空间结构则各有其独特性。 (2)地震灾区正处于传统农业社会向现代工业社会转变的过程中，但社会结构的变动滞后于空间结构的变动，这主要表现在就业结构中第一产业就业比重大，恩格尔系数较高、收入分配差距大、私营业主比重小，究其原因是户籍制度、就业、社保等体制阻碍资源与机会在村镇聚落的配置，以及社会、经济权力赋予的障碍，所以资源与权力是当前社会结构所面临的主要问题。 (3) 通过对地震灾区典型村镇聚落功能的研究发现，地震灾区村镇聚落的功能分化体现了强烈的政府色彩，政府积极主动参与村镇聚落市场化的建构过程中，是政府力量和市场力量共同决定着村镇聚落功能的变化。 (4) 在城乡一体化时期，各村镇聚落的发展能力主要为第Ⅲ级，发展能力一般，而在灾后重建时期，在国家政策支持、兄弟省份援建和科学重建的指导下，提升了灾区村镇聚落的发展能力，加速了这些区域的发展。目前，各村镇聚落的发展能力主要为第Ⅳ级，发展能力较强，但其发展受到人的发展能力和资源与环境支撑能力的制约。 (5) 地震灾区村镇聚落良性发展，必须从区域、城镇、村庄各层面全面推进，从人口、空间、组织、功能进行综合应对。 |
| 英文摘要 | The post-disaster reconstruction of Wenchuan earthquake stricken area has been substantially accomplished. As the key to resuscitation, the reconstruction of villages and towns attracts the most attention because the amount of money involved is the largest and the scope is the widest. The rural settlements, where the rural population of disaster area lives, have always faced to a lot of substantive problems. Due to the regional difference of development, the rural settlements of Wenchuan earthquake stricken area are far behind those of economically developed areas, i.e. coastal areas, in development. In the 21st century, a series of policies adopted for pushing forward “China’s Western Development” and a series of actions executed for solving “Three Rural Issues” has driven the development of these rural settlements. In addition, the man-land relationship has been greatly changed by the influences of subsequent earthquake. As a result, the spatial factors, productive factors, and social factors of settlements are separated and recombined thereupon, and the settlements are deconstructed and then reconstructed. Anyhow, the development direction of rural settlements depends on the reconstruction of settlements and the redistribution of productivity. For this reason, the research on reconstruction and development conditions of rural settlements in disaster area has urgent realistic significance and great theoretical significance. On the basis of reorganizing the correlation theories and the domestic and overseas research progresses, the study takes a typical rural settlement as an example, so as to systematically and thoroughly research some issues about the reconstruction and development capability of typical rural settlements in earthquake stricken area. The major research results of this paper are as follows: (1) The study on spatial patterns of quake-stricken rural settlement in three dimensions of landscape, functional and spatial patterns leads to such findings that that the outward expansion and inward reorganization of village and urban settlements in the quake-stricken areas have influenced the geo-patterns of human activities in such settlements, and resulted in changes of spatial awareness of their dwellers, and affected the spatial needs of dwellers, yet each of the village and urban settlements in different areas is characterized by unique spatial patterns. (2)The quake-stricken areas are now in the transition from traditional agro-society to modern industrialized society, but stagnated in social fabric reformation, as reflected by a high percentage of the workforce in the agricultural sector, a higher Engel coefficient, a widening income gap and a small share of private sector. The causal factors are imbalanced allocation of resources and unequal opportunities as well as obstructions from social and economic power disparity between village and urban settlements from institutional barriers in household register, employment and social security. Therefore, resources and power disparity are the key issues to be addressed in the context of current social fabric. (3) The functional differentiation of the rural settlements in the earthquake disaster area embodies a strong sense of governmental activity as the government actively participates in the marketization construction of the rural settlements. The change to the function of the rural settlements is subject to both the power of the government and the power of the market. (4) During the integration of rural and urban areas, the development capability of different rural settlements are substantially constant and at a medium level, and it mainly ranks as grade III. However, during the post-disaster reconstruction, the development capability of the rural settlements in the disaster areas is promoted and the development of these areas is improved, under the policy-based support of China, construction aid from other provinces and the guidance of scientific reconstruction idea. At present, the development capability of the different rural settlements mainly ranks as grade IV at a high level. But the development is restricted by the development capability of human beings and the supporting capability of resource and environment. (5) The favorable development of rural settlements in the earthquake stricken area must be promoted at each level of village, city, and region, and in all the aspects such as population, space, organization, and function. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2013-01-15 |
| 源URL | [http://192.168.143.20:8080/handle/131551/4810]  |
| 专题 | 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_山区发展研究中心 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 常飞. 地震灾区典型村镇聚落重构与发展能力研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2012. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：成都山地灾害与环境研究所
浏览0
下载0
收藏0
其他版本
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。