白龙江与小江流域泥石流活动度研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 黄江成 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2011-05-27 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 欧国强 |
| 关键词 | 泥石流活动度 白龙江干流 小江流域 评估模型 |
| 其他题名 | A Study on the debris flow activity in Bailongjiang and Xiaojiang basins |
| 学位专业 | 自然地理学 |
| 中文摘要 | 我国是一个山地大国，泥石流分布广泛，数量众多，危害严重，但已采取治理措施的泥石流沟为数甚少，使得泥石流灾害风险评估工作显得十分重要且紧迫。然而，现有泥石流灾害风险评估方法及应用存在对泥石流活动性缺乏定量评估、风险水平难以验证等若干问题，需要探讨新的方法和新的评估模型。为此，本文提出了泥石流活动度这一新概念，并给出了定义式。在此基础上，以白龙江干流和小江流域为研究对象，采用实证法、数理统计、Arcinfo空间分析和动力地貌学等原理和方法，比较了泥石流环境背景、分布特征，重点分析了两个区域主要泥石流沟的单沟泥石流活动度，建立了相应的评价模型。本研究对未来泥石流灾害风险评估具有一定的理论意义和应用价值。主要结论如下：（1）对比分析了白龙江干流和小江流域泥石流空间分布特征。白龙江干流泥石流主要分布在中上游文县碧口～迭部旺藏的河谷两岸，有一定规模泥石流沟250条，碧口～旺藏河段泥石流分布线密度为0.82条/km，左岸泥石流沟数是右岸的1.3倍；小江流域共分布泥石流沟122条，小江干流功山～小江口河段泥石流分布线密度为0.83条/km，两流域的泥石流分布密度明显高于川藏公路西藏段和成昆铁路沿线。（2）提出了泥石流活动度概念，并给出了定义式。泥石流活动度（Debris flow activity）是表征某一区域或某一泥石流沟在一定时间尺度（比如泥石流活跃期）内泥石流活动强弱的定量指标。单沟泥石流活动度（Dh）可用松散固体物质储量（W）、固体物质平均一次冲出量（Vd）和泥石流形成特征雨量频率（P）表达为：（公式略）区域的泥石流活动度(Da)可用泥石流分布面密度（rf）和单沟泥石流活动度面积加权平均。表达为：（3）通过相关分析，得出单沟泥石流活动度的主要影响因子为断层距离、地震烈度、山坡坡度、24小时最大暴雨均值和多年平均降雨量。（4）分析了白龙江干流和小江流域单沟泥石流活动度，通过多元回归分析，得到了单沟泥石流活动度（Dh）评估模型（相关系数0.608）： |
| 英文摘要 | There are great deals of debris flows distributed in China; hence the disaster is extremely serious. Debris flow gullies which had taken management measures are few; therefore the risk assessment is very important and urgent. However, the risk assessment methods existing and their apply are limited, as the activity degree is lack of quantitative evaluation and the risk level is hard to be proved, a new method and model is needed to be studied. Therefore, this paper proposed a new concept as debris flow activity and set its definition formula. Taking the main stream of Bailongjiang and Xiaojiang as the targets, with positive law, statistics, Arcinfo spatial analysis, dynamic geomorphology and other principles and methods, this paper analyses the environment background and distribution characteristics of debris flow and compares the similarities and differences of activity especially. Then the corresponding assessment model is established. This study has certain theoretical and application significance to the debris flow risk assessment. The main results are as follows: (1) Compared the debris flow spatial distribution characteristics between the main stream of Bailongjiang and Xiaojiang basin. For the main stream of Bailongjiang, debris flows are mainly distributed along the valley from Bikou to Wangzang. There are 250 debris flow gullies with certain scale. The linear density from Bikou to Wangzang is 0.82, while the quantity of debris flow gullies in the left bank is 1.3 times of which in the right bank. There are 122 debris flow gullies in Xiaojiang basin, as the linear density is 0.83 from Gongshan to its estuary. The distributed densities in these two basins are much higher than which in the other areas obviously. (2) Proposed debris flow activity and set its definition formula. The debris flow activity is a quantitative index to characterize the intensity of debris flow activity in a certain time scale, debris flow activity period for example. The debris flow activity model for site-specific debris flow (Dh) can be expressed by loose solid materias’ storage (W), average dashout amount of materias one time (Vd) and freguency of rainfall (P) as follows: The regional debris flow activity model (Da) can be experessed by debris flow surface density and site-specific debris flow by surface weighed average as follows: (3) Based on correlation analysis, the main-control factors of the site-specific debris flow include distance to faults, seismic intensity, hillside slope, average maximum 24-hours rainfall and average annual rainfall. (4) Analyzed the debris flow activity in the main stream of Bailongjiang and Xiaojiang basin and established the assessment model by multiple regression analysis, and the correlation coefficient is 0.608. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2013-01-28 |
| 源URL | [http://192.168.143.20:8080/handle/131551/4847]  |
| 专题 | 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 黄江成. 白龙江与小江流域泥石流活动度研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2011. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：成都山地灾害与环境研究所
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