贡嘎山地区冰川变化与环境演化
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 刘巧
|
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2005-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 张文敬 ; 程根伟 |
| 关键词 | 冰川 海洋性冰川 贡嘎山地区 变化 |
| 其他题名 | Dynamic Changes of Glaciers in Mt.Gongga Region and the Evolution of Environment |
| 学位专业 | 冰川学 |
| 中文摘要 | 全球变化研究是当今地球科学研究的重要议题之一。冰冻圈作为地理环境和气候系统的重要组成部分，在全球变化中起着非常重要的作用。山地冰力｝对全球变暖的敏感性高、变化明显，它在指示气候系统变化方面具有重要意义，同时冰川的动态变化也会对气候与环境产生反作用。位于青藏高原东南缘的贡嘎山地区，是横断山主要的季风海洋性冰川作用中心，区内不仅现代冰川发育，第四纪冰川遗迹也很普遍。近年来，大多数冰川都处于强烈的退缩状态。论文通过对该地区主要冰川的动态变化特征的分析，结合全球气候变化及冰川冰缘区近年来的环境演变，揭示季风海洋性冰川的动态变化过程，探索冰川作用区的环境：大气、水、生物及人类活动对其的响应过程。论文主要内容如下：（1）贡嘎山地区共有现代冰川74条，冰川面积255.1km2，冰川储量为24.65km3。现代冰川分布在南北向山脉的东西两侧，东坡冰川规模大（其中著名的海螺沟冰川长达13.1km，末端海拔2980m，为典型的季风海洋型冰川），东坡冰川较西坡更为发育。冰川雪线介于海拔4800-5200m间，东西坡高差变化大，冰川发育形态、类型多样。该地区冰川发育及其分布特征，是贡嘎山强烈隆升和东西坡水汽差异综合作用的结果。（2）贡嘎山地区冰川从小冰期结束以来，冰川变化在过去一百多年有过一到两次的稳定甚至前进阶段，但总的趋势是受到全球变暖的作用而后退，而且近年来后退趋势有加强的表现，同青藏高原和世界上其它地区冰川的变化具有相对一致性。作为季风海洋性冰川，变化有其自身的特点：在对全球变暖的响应上更加明显，表现为后退幅度大、响应时间时滞短等。该地区冰川变化受到人类活动的影响较大，特别是作为旅游开发后，人类进入加强，加快了冰川的退缩。（3）通过对东坡的海螺沟冰川物质平衡的分析，印证了海洋性冰川物质平衡水平远大于大陆性冰川，其年积累量和年消融量均较大。近年来该冰川的物质平衡处于亏损状态，最终结果表现为冰川的退缩和和变薄。冰川作用区水文特征如下：冰雪融水径流占全年总径流的比例大，如2002年海螺沟冰川河冰雪融水径流占近60％的比例；全年径流大部分集中在冰雪消融季节5-10月，多年径流量变化趋势不明显。此外，通过近年来海螺沟冰川物质平衡变化模拟冰川的后退量，同实测结果比较，取得了相对一致的结果。（4）贡嘎山地区冰川前缘环境演变具有以下特征：冰川退缩地生态环境具有原始性、冰川前缘环境更替演化的序列明显以及环境演替具有周期短、更替速度快的特点。（5）贡嘎山地区海洋性冰川由于人类活动的更加频繁，更易进入性，使得该地区冰川受到人类活动的影响反应更加明显。特别是冰川作为旅游资源开发的主体，近年来开发加大，游客量增多，更加对该地区的冰川造成威胁。 |
| 英文摘要 | Global environment change is one of the important topics of current Earth System science research. As one of the important component of geographical environment and climate system, cryosphere play a very important role in global environment change. Mountain glacier fluctuation is the result of climate change. It is high sensitiveness and change obviously for global warming. So mountain glacier is the important indicator for the change of climate system. At the same time, glacial fluctuations can reaction produce to climate and environment too. The Gongga Mountain region, located at the southeastern marge of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau, is an important glaciation center of monsoonal maritime type in the Hengduan Mountains. Here contemporary glaciers are well developed and Quaternary glacial remains are common. In recent years, most glaciers in this region are in the strong state of shrinking back. The thesis, by anglicizing of the dynamic change characteristic of the glaciers, climatic change and periglacial regions environment changes in recent years, try to indicate the dynamic change course of monsoonal temperate glacier, explore the environment of the glaciation regions: Atmosphere, water, biological and human activity response course to the fluctuation of glaciers. The main content of the thesis is as follows: 1. There are 74 contemporary glaciers in the area of Mt.Gongga, the area of glacier is 255.1km2, the glacier reserves is 24.65km3. Modern glacier distribute in east and the west of Mt.Gongga, glacier in east slope have more big scale (the famous glacier of the Hailuogou Glacier is 13.1km long, 2980m above sea level of end, is a typical monsoon temperate glacier), east slope's glacier are development more than the west slope. Gl acier snow line is between asl.4800~5200m. The discrepancy inelevation is quite unlike between west slope and east slope, glacier shape type is various. The distribute characteristic of the glacier in Mt.Gongga is a result on mountain rise strongly and difference of stream conditions between west slop and east slop. 2. Since the litter ice age, as a whole, in the past one hundred years the glacier terminus in the region showed a obviously retreat tendency, although the majority of glaciers experienced relatively stable period or even advance period at the beginning of 20th century, during the 1920s-1930s. Glacier fluctuation was relative consistency with the glacier of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and other areas in the world. As the monsoonal temperate glacier, it has its own characteristics: more obvious to the response of the global wanning, strongly retreat, more shorter response time, etc.. Human activity is a great impact on its retreat. Especially after tourism development, the entry of human has accelerated the shrinking back of the glacier. 3. Through the mass balance analysis of the Hailuogou glacier, we confirm the fact that it has a much higher mass balance lever for the monsoon temperate glacier than the continental glacier. Both of accumulating amount and melting amount are relatively high. The mass balance of this glacier is in the state of losing in recent years, of which the result is the glacier retreating and turning thin. The hydrology characteristic of the glacier river as follows: Ice and snow melt water account for a high proportion of the whole year (it is 60% in 2002); majority of the runoff amount is concentrated on seasons of May to October when snow and ice melting; the secular variation tendency was not obvious for many years. 4. The characteristic of the evolution of environment in periglacial as follows: the ecological environment has primitive characteristics after glacier retreat; environment succession sequences are obvious; the period of evolution is short, and environment change fast. 5. Because easily entry and more frequent of human activities in recent years, the response of the glacier influenced by human activities is more obvious. Especially after tourism development, the entry of human has accelerated the shrinking back of the glacier. |
| 学科主题 | 自然地理学 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2012-12-10 |
| 源URL | [http://192.168.143.20:8080/handle/131551/4368]  |
| 专题 | 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_山地表生过程与生态调控重点实验室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 刘巧. 贡嘎山地区冰川变化与环境演化[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2005. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：成都山地灾害与环境研究所
浏览0
下载0
收藏0
其他版本
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。