山区农村产业发展的环境响应——以岷江上游为例
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 杨德伟 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2009 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 成都 |
| 导师 | 贺秀斌 ; 陈国阶 |
| 关键词 | 农村产业 环境响应 过程 机理 能值分析模型 岷江上游 |
| 其他题名 | Environmental Responses to Rural Industries in Mountain Areas—A Case of the Upper Min River Basin |
| 学位专业 | 自然地理学 |
| 中文摘要 | 产业经济活动对生态环境的影响及反馈机理，是当前地理学、生态学和环境科学研究的焦点，是人地关系和区域可持续发展探讨的核心，而山区农村产业发展的环境响应问题研究明显滞后。岷江上游作为长江上游和成都平原的生态屏障，具有特殊的战略地位和突出的敏感性。研究建国以来岷江上游农村产业发展的环境响应，有助于解释区域环境演变的动因，解答人类产业活动在区域环境演变中的作用，解决岷江上游区域可持续发展问题，对岷江上游乃至全国山区发展具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。 研究采用能值分析模型、产业—环境响应常规指标和能值指标评估体系、层次分析方法、参与式乡村评估法等，通过多尺度域时空过程分析，判识农村产业结构、布局、规模、技术水平、阶段、趋势与环境演变之间的互作过程，明晰其互作机理，综合评估系统的可持续发展潜力，提出环境友好导向的农村产业定位和发展战略。取得的主要结论如下： (1)农村产业结构和布局有待优化，与环境资源时空分布呈非线性相关 岷江上游农村产业结构变动受环境资源时空可得性制约，受区域环境、产业、人口发展政策的驱动。1949～2006年，岷江上游农村产业结构变动方向是由林业、农业为主导过渡到畜牧业、农业和农林牧渔服务业为主导，从而引起生态环境问题由生态问题为主，过渡到生态与环境问题并重。农村产业布局随海拔高度和人口密度变化而变动，与环境优劣、资源丰缺的空间分布并不完全吻合，呈现非线性的空间关联性。 (2)农村产业规模和技术水平不合理，受环境资源瓶颈制约日趋增强 岷江上游农村产业规模受到了环境资源瓶颈制约，产出能力已难以支撑日益增加的人口，需要探索新的经济增长点。农村产业技术水平尚待提高，但受到当地居民有限的受教育水平、恶劣的环境条件和日益匮乏的自然资源等制约。 (3)农村产业发展阶段和趋势与政策变动、环境资源演化密切相关 岷江上游环境、产业、人口等发展政策的调整，在一定程度上左右了区域生态环境演化的阶段和趋势。岷江上游农村产业和环境演变可分为1949～1958年、1959～1978年、1979～1992年、1993～1998年和1999～2006年五个阶段。农村产业活动强度与区域环境演化呈现一定负相关关系。 (4)环境经济系统处于负向演化状态，呈现减速恶化趋势 多尺度域时空分析表明，岷江上游环境经济系统处于负向演化状态，呈现减速恶化趋势，这与农村产业活动强度和方向变化密切相关。系统演化呈现明显的空间分异特征，与环境、资源、人口、产业活动的空间分布密切相关，突出表现为干旱河谷区、半山高半山区环境经济系统负向演化明显。 (5)环境经济系统演变由生态环境本身规律性决定，产业活动起驱动作用 岷江上游环境经济系统演变阶段和方向受多种因素的影响，由生态环境本身规律性决定，研究期内农村产业活动扮演主要推动力的角色。农村产业活动对生态环境演变的影响具有明显的时空差异性。研究期内，1949～1998年阶段是产业活动剧烈变化、环境退化加速期；1999～2006是产业结构优化、环境退化减缓期。农村产业活动强烈的干旱河谷区和半山高半山区生态环境问题突出，负向演化趋势明显，人地关系最为紧张。 (6)岷江上游农村产业定位和发展战略 根据发展实际，将岷江上游农村产业空间分为温凉山原高山林牧复合发展区、干凉半山高半山农林牧复合发展区、干旱河谷农林旅复合发展区和温湿河谷农牧林综合发展区。产业结构调整关键是以环境友好型为导向，培育经济增长点，延长优势产业链，提高产品附加值。同时，提出了农村产业管理、产业生态、产业环境和产业布局战略。 |
| 英文摘要 | The impact of human activities on the eco-environment and its response mechanism, a wide concerned issue in the human-environment relationship and regional sustainable development, has become the focus of ecoenvironment-related disciplines. However, this has give rise to less attention in mountainous areas. As the ecological barrier in the upper reaches of Yangtze River, Tibetan-Qiang Ethno-cultural Corridor of China and typical vulnerable ecological region, the Upper Min River Basin covers outstanding strategic position and possesses special sensitivity. The study on the relationship between rural industries development and eco-environmental evolution in this area will contribute to delineating the roles of human industries activities during regional environmental evolution, explaining the causes of regional eco-environmental degradation and exploring how to reach harmonious development among human and eco-environment, which is also beneficial to the mountain areas of the Upper Min River Basin and the whole China for its important values of theories and practices. Many evaluation models and methods, including Emergy synthesis, Analytic Hierarchy Process, the Industrial-environmental response common and emergy indices evaluative system and Participatory Rural Appraisal, are introduced to evaluate the eco-environmental responses of rural industries in different scales in the Upper Min River Basin. The paper attempts to identify the mutual impact process between rural industrial structures, distribution, phase, level and eco-environment, explore their interact mechanism and evaluate the developing potentiality of target system. Achievements in the paper mainly include the followings: 1) The rural industrial structure and distribution in the Upper Min River Basin, controlled by the available resources and affected by changes of the local policies of environment, industries and population, present unlinear correlation with the tempo-spatial distribution of environmental conditions and need to be optimized for higher output with available resources. 2) Due to the restriction of local environment conditions and residential education level, the rural industries should be controlled in rational scale. In addition, new techniques are recommended for the increasing demand of local dwellers’ welfare in the Upper Min River Basin. 3) The evolution trend and phase of eco-environment is decided by the adjustment of regional developing policies of environment, industries and population. The rural industrial coupled with eco-environment experiences five phases during 1949~2006 in the Upper Min River Basin. The rural industrial intensity has negative relation to local eco-environment evolution in the study period. 4) The eco-economic system of the Upper Min River Basin experiences minus-speed deterioration and presents negative evolution state with apparent tempo-spatial characteristics, which has close relation to developing intensity and direction of local rural industries. 5) The evolution of eco-environment system, affected by many factors, decided by its own laws and urged by rural industrial activities in 1949~2006 in the Upper Min River Basin. In addition, the impact of rural industries on local eco-environment has apparent tempo-spatial variations. 6) Based on the above analysis, the environment-friendly-oriented industrial structures with rational regional distribution and sustainable developing strategies are recommended. |
| 学科主题 | 环境经济学 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-09-19 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/1994]  |
| 专题 | 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 杨德伟. 山区农村产业发展的环境响应——以岷江上游为例[D]. 成都. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所. 2009. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：成都山地灾害与环境研究所
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