西南纵向岭谷区土地利用\覆被与生态系统服务功能变化研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 于勇 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2009 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 成都 |
| 导师 | 高吉喜 |
| 关键词 | 纵向岭谷区 土地利用＼覆被 生态系统服务功能 分布规律 |
| 其他题名 | Study on the Change of Landuse and Ecosystem Services in Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region, Southwest of China |
| 学位专业 | 自然地理学 |
| 中文摘要 | 纵向岭谷区是位于我国西南、与青藏高原隆升直接相关联的横断山区及毗邻的南北走向的山系河谷区。该区是反映地球演化重大事件的关键区域，是我国西南与东南亚极为重要的生态廊道。研究区内地形地貌复杂，区域内的温度、降水条件较适合植被生长，人口密度不大，原始生态系统保存较完好，植被覆盖度高，植被生产力巨大，生态脆弱性高，生态安全地位重要。 本文从总结前人关于生态系统服务和生态系统功能定义及其关系入手，对国内外有关生态系统服务研究的进展和有待进一步发展的方向进行了系统的阐述。主要开展纵向岭谷区土地利用/覆被变化和生态系统服务功能变化研究，并取得了如下结论。 1.在遥感和地理信息系统支持下，对纵向岭谷区1986年和2000年遥感影像和土地利用/覆被变化进行了分析。从2000年的数据来看，结果表明：研究区土地覆盖总面积为30.03万km2，其中，林地为主要土地利用类型，占研究区土地总面积的61.31%，其次为草地和耕地，分别占土地总面积的20.87%和16，27%，其余依次为未利用地、水域和居民及工矿用地。通过对1986年和2000年土地利用/覆被变化分析，结果表明：研究区1986；2000年间土地利用发生一定程度的变化，除了林地面积减少0.69%外，其余各土地利用类型均不同幅度的有所增加。其中居民及工矿用地变化幅度最大，面积14年来增加了13.18%，其次为草地，14年来总面积增加了l022.68km2，增长1.65%。从变化面积上看，林地的变化面积最大，14年来减少12 87.69km2。从变化区域差异来看，中部、西南部变化较西北部、西部和东南部剧烈。从土地利用类型转换变化看，林地与草地之间的转换最明显，其次是耕地与林地之间的转换。 2.本研究选取了较适合于现状的纵向岭谷区典型生态系统服务功能的评价方法和模型，结合气象资料及遥感卫星数据确定研究区内不同空间的潜在生产力和植被覆盖度情况，从而对不同质量的生态系统服务功能价值进行数量上的调整，求得与研究区空间状况符合较好的典型生态系统服务功能价值。结果表明，西南纵向岭谷区1986年和2000年典型生态系统服务总价值分别为4304.8亿元和4247.21亿元，平均价值为4276.01亿元。森林生态系统服务价值占总价值的67.42%，其次为草地(18.24%)和农田(14.34%)。在典型生态系统服务功能中，其中土壤保持功能对整个地区的贡献最大，占总价值的29.41%，其次为大气调节和有机物质生产功能，贡献最低的是营养物质循环功能，仅占总价值的7.96%。从空间分布上，研究区的生态系统服务功能价值分布总体趋势是南高北低，与水热条件与植被覆盖度一致；海拔高差异大是纵向岭谷区最显著的地貌特点，通过对各海拔梯度带中生态系统服务功能值的分析得出，海拔高度与单位面积生态系统服务功能价值呈现显著的负相关，海拔越高，生态系统服务功能的值越低。作为一个完整的自然地理区域，西南纵向岭谷区单位面积的生态系统服务功能为142.38万元/km2，是全国平均值67.13万元/km2的2.12倍，整个纵向岭谷区的总生态系统服务功能价值为4276.01亿元，在总面积仅占中国陆地国土面积3.12%的情况下，其服务功能总值占全国的14.1%(潘耀忠等，2004)。 3.探讨了纵向岭谷区从1986年到2000年这两时期生态系统服务功能价值的动态变化规律。2000年相比1986年纵向岭谷区生态系统服务价值降低了57.59亿元，同比降低1.34%。其中森林生态系统2000年比1986年降低了85.69亿元，降幅达2.93%。这是因为由于过多的人为开发和干扰，森林生态系统面积有所减少，随着原始森林的破坏森林生态系统质量上也有所下降。14年来研究区草地的面积有所增加，尤其是高覆盖草地面积增加最大，因此草地生态系统服务功能价值同比增加了1.03%，为8.01亿元。农田生态系统服务功能价值同比增加了2.83%，为17.09亿元。这主要应该归因于农田耕作方式的改进，还有2000年年降水量和温度比1986年都有所增加。这使得农田生态系统总面积上来看，2000年比1986年略有增加，尤其以水田的面积增加最多，从单位面积农田生态系统服务价值2000年比1986年都有不同程度的增高。 从区域生态系统服务功能价值来看，说明了西南纵向岭谷区在提供生态系统服务方面具有非常重要的地位和作用，保护其生态系统结构和功能对我国西南及跨境生态环境安全和区域可持续发展都具有重大意义。 |
| 英文摘要 | The Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region （LRGR）is to locate in the southwest of our country, directly relating with Qinghai-Tibet Plateau rising Hengduan Mountains and its south-north trend of neighboring valley district of mountain system. LRGR is the crucial area of reflection evolution incident of the earth, and the important ecological gallery between southwest of our country and Southeast Asia. Based on constructing database of landform factors, climatic factors and vegetation factors in LRGR region, discussing regional differences made by South-west monsoon and South-east monsoon through onset date of rainy season and temperature permutation entropy. This paper started with the definition and the relationship between ecosystem services and ecosystem functions, and summarized on the research progress on the ecosystem services and ecosystem functions of the predecessors both at home and abroad. The development direction of the ecosystem services and functions were systematically expatiated. This paper emphatically study on the changes of LUCC as well as ecosystem services and functions in LRGR, and has made the following conclusions: 1) We emphatically studied the changes of spatial pattern and conversion of land use/cover in detail from 1986 to 2000 based on the land use data. The result shows that, the total land cover area is 301379.4km2 in Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region, firstly, the mostly land use type is 184565.1km2 woodland, and it account for 61.31%。Secondly, grassland and cultivated land, separately occupy 20.87% and 16.27%。In general, the land-use change isn’t obvious from 1986 to 2000，therein, the settlement area and woodland area had the largest change range, the settlement area increased 13.18% in 14 years, the woodland area reduced 1287.69km2, occupied 0.69%, the rest of land use types had some extent increase. Judging from the differences in regional, the changes in central and the south-west were more acutely than the north-west, west and south-eastern area. Judging from the changes in land-use type conversion, the conversion between the woodland and grassland was the most obvious, followed by the conversion between the farmland and the woodland type. 2) We selected the ecosystem services and functions evaluated approaches and models that fit for the actuality of LRGR. The potential productivity and vegetation coverage in different places of study area were ascertained by integrating the climatic data and remote sensing data. The ecosystem services and functions’ value of different quality were adjusted on quantity and presented according with the spatial status in study area. The results showed that, the results show that the total value of the typical ecosystem services in LRGR in 1986 and 2000 were 430.48 billion Yuan and 424.721 billion Yuan, with an average value of 427.601 billion Yuan. The forest ecosystem occupied 67.42% of the whole ecosystem services value, followed by grassland (18.24%) and farmland (14.34%).In the typical ecosystem function services, the including soil conservation function made the largest contribution, accounting for 29.41% of the total ecosystem services value, followed by air-conditioning and organic material production capabilities. The nutrient cycle functions made the lowest contribution, only 7.96% of the total value. Compared with the value of ecosystem services and functions in different period of time, the overall trend of value distribution was presented that the higher value distributed in south while the lower value distributed in north. The value distribution trend is coincidence with the temperature and rainfall’s as well as the vegetation coverage’s. It was the most significant features of the LRGR landscape. It had a significant negative correlation between the altitude and the per unit ecosystem services value. The per unit ecosystem services value of LRGR (423,800 yuan/km2•a-1), which was a complete geographic region, was 2.12times to the national average value (671,300 yuan/km2•a-1). the area of the Longitudinal Range-Gorge ecosystem services total function value of, China's total land area of only 3.12% of land area, its service function of the total value of 14.1% (such as PAN Yao-zhong, 2004). 3) It was analyzed to the dynamic changes regulation of the ecosystem services value from 1986 to 2000 period in LRGR. Compared to 1986, the ecosystem services value in 2000 reduced 57.59 billion Yuan, 1.34%lower.the forest ecosystem value in 2000 reduced 85.69 billion Yuan than it in 1986, and 2.93% decline. As a result of excessive development and man-made interference, the forest ecosystems area decreased, and the quality of the forest ecosystem declined with the destruction of virgin forest. The area of grassland has increased for 14 years; especially the high coverage increased in the largest area by grassland, the grassland ecosystem value improved 1.03%, 801 million Yuan, in2000 than in 1986. The farmland ecosystem value increased 2.83%, 17.09 billion Yuan, for 14years. This should be attributed to improvements in farming methods, as well as the precipitation and temperature of 2000 had increased than those in 1986. From the regional value of ecosystem services, it can play a very important position and role in the provision of ecosystem services of LRGR. It is very significant to protect its ecosystem structure and function of China's south-west and the ecological environment of cross-border security and regional sustainable development. |
| 学科主题 | 生态学 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-10-13 |
| 分类号 | TP7;S15 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/2152]  |
| 专题 | 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 于勇. 西南纵向岭谷区土地利用\覆被与生态系统服务功能变化研究[D]. 成都. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所. 2009. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：成都山地灾害与环境研究所
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