构建一个层次性视角研究植物功能特征
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 张军彦 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2008 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 成都 |
| 导师 | 程根伟 ; 李迈和 |
| 关键词 | 气候变化 功能群 基因型差异 植物特征 奇异性和冗余性 |
| 学位专业 | 自然地理学 |
| 中文摘要 | 全球环境变化下，植物种群内常发现基因型与环境的交互作用；不同植物种之间表现出专性响应；同一功能群植物有相似的响应模式。 植物特征可以在机理上解释植物多样性表现。 采用“层次性视角”探讨不同植物集合水平上功能特征与生态过程之间的关联，有利于辨识和概括植物响应的普遍机理。 两个独立实验用来验证这个概念框架。i)汇总分析揭示，生长快速的植物对高浓度 CO2 有更积极的响应。白云杉29 个基因型被用来测试这一响应趋势是否同样出现在种群内。 生长在当前和倍增 CO2 浓度下各基因型的响应差异和生长速率之间没有观察到显著相关。 生物量促进比的差异与光合特征和水分利用效率相联系。ii)资源供给的微小变化可以引起植物特征在环境响应中相对重要性的调整。 Festuca rubra 和 Trifolium pratense 的竞争对环境变化响应显示，种间专性响应源于叶形态、固氮能力、生长速率及胁迫耐受性的差异，这些特征的调节作用因环境条件变化而异。 在一个植物集合水平上归纳的功能特征与植物响应的关联并不能简单适用于另一个集合水平，研究尺度、分类学级别以及环境等均对其迭加影响。 “层次性视角”作为一个综合性概念模型，用于辨识和概括不同集合水平上植物对环境响应的生物学机制，并帮助解释生态系统功能多样性。 |
| 英文摘要 | Plants respond to environmental change by means of a variety of physiological, ecological and evolutionary processes. Within a natural population, “genotype × environment interactions” are observed in some species, but not others; among species, distinct response patterns to environmental variation often modify plant-plant interactions; these species belong to the same functional type show similar response manners. A mechanistic interpretation of differences in plant performance can be found in plant traits. Different ecosystem processes are driven by a different suite of traits. I adopt a hierarchical perspective on the classification of the linkage between traits and their ecological functions at different levels of organization including the: genotypic, inter-specific, and functional-group levels. i)Meta-analyses have revealed that fast growing species respond more positively to elevated CO2. Here 29 genotypes of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench (Voss)) was examined to test whether this relationship hold at the intra-specific level and analysis the mechanistic bases of this relationship. Relative growth rate and final mass of plants grown at ambient or elevated CO2 (370 ppm vs. 740 ppm) were measured and the relationship between CO2 response and genotype traits explored using principle component and regression analysis. Results show that the pattern found at the intra-specific level is the opposite of that reported at the inter-specific level, and the difference in biomass response is associated with traits describing photosynthesis and water use efficiency. ii)Species may combine functional adjustments through changes in the relative importance of traits in small changes of resource availability, which can confound generalization regarding mechanisms underlying plant responses to a certain deterministic factor. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to examine growth and competition between Festuca rubra and Trifolium pratense in response to altered environments and disturbance. Results demonstrate that species-specific responses are primarily related to their differences in leaf morphology, N-uptake ability, and tolerance to acid rain, though the magnitude of effects (ω2) of decisive traits shifts with environmental variation. Thus, functional traits that are important in explaining plant response at one level of organization are not necessarily important in explaining response at another level of organizations; caution must be taken to use trait linkages that are appropriate to the scale, taxonomic resolution, and environmental condition. A hierarchical perspective is, therefore, essential in quantifying relationships among plant traits and different ecosystem processes. It presents a synthetic and structured framework, aims to generalize variation among organisms, their traits, and the scales of diversity (genotype, species, higher taxa, community type), and also has important implications for understanding the interaction between taxonomic diversity and functional diversity in ecosystem determination. |
| 学科主题 | 自然地理学 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-10-14 |
| 分类号 | TS9;TS8 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/2194]  |
| 专题 | 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张军彦. 构建一个层次性视角研究植物功能特征[D]. 成都. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所. 2008. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：成都山地灾害与环境研究所
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