中国科学院机构知识库网格
Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid
川西地区暴雨泥石流多尺度预警模式

文献类型:学位论文

作者苏鹏程
学位类别硕士
答辩日期2008
授予单位中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所
授予地点成都
导师刘希林
关键词暴雨泥石流 空间尺度 预警 危险度区划
学位专业自然地理学
中文摘要川西山区地处青藏高原向四川盆地过渡地带,是暴雨泥石流十分发育、灾害十分严重的区域,历史上灾害案例较为丰富,容易收集。本文根据收集的大量暴雨泥石流灾害案例资料,针对天上和地面系统之间的耦合关系,以川西地区为对象,在对川西地区、安宁河流域、泥石流单沟形成暴雨泥石流的下垫面进行危险度评价的基础上,经过大量的统计分析,重点研究了不同空间尺度下暴雨泥石流的预警方法和模式,期望在暴雨泥石流预警报的核心问题上进行有益的探索。根据研究,本文得出如下结论:(1)在较大空间尺度下,暴雨泥石流的 “临界雨量值”是变化的,可表现为不同的等值线形式,在对较大空间尺度泥石流进行预警报时,以前期有效降雨量和当日降雨量的组合模式进行预警报的依据更为可靠。这在川西地区和安宁河流域的资料分析中比较明显。(2)在相同的空间尺度下,区域泥石流危险等级与诱发泥石流灾害的降雨量成反比。随着区域泥石流危险度等级的减低,诱发区域内泥石流灾害的平均有效累计降雨量总体上趋于增大,并且随着空间尺度的缩小,这种关系愈为明显。此外,同一空间尺度下,不同危险等级区域内,激发泥石流的有效累计降雨的天数(作用时段)也不同。(3)从曲线的增长趋势来看,不同空间尺度下的增长趋势比较明显的时段不同。川西地区为前15天,安宁河流域为前10天,单沟更短。这说明不同空间尺度下对泥石流形成起作用的累计降雨时段不同。并且随着空间尺度的缩小,前期有效累计降雨量与当日降雨量对泥石流形成的贡献越来越大。(4)针对不同等级危险度条件下的泥石流防灾减灾中要注意的是:在相同的空间尺度下,在形成泥石流的下垫面越稳定,即危险度等级越低的情况下,要重点关注前期有效累计雨量;在形成泥石流的下垫面越不稳定,即危险度等级越高的情况下,要重点关注距灾害发生较近几天的有效累计降雨以及当日降雨量。(5)诱发泥石流的平均降雨量具有明显的空间尺度效应。随着空间尺度的减小,诱发泥石流的平均降雨量将逐渐增大。在相同的危险等级情况下,随着空间尺度的减小,诱发泥石流的平均降雨量将明显增大。(6)引起泥石流灾害的降雨在不同空间尺度上的积累过程十分相似。无论是在高度危险还是在中度危险等级,引起泥石流的降雨在不同空间尺度下,有效累计雨量的增长趋势十分接近。换言之,降雨对泥石流的诱发过程在本质上是一致的。(7)在分析影响泥石流危险度的众多因子贡献率的基础上,建立了基于投影寻踪聚类方法的区域泥石流危险度评价模型,对区域泥石流危险度评价模型的优化进行了初步的尝试。
英文摘要The West of Sichuan, located in the transition zone from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the Sichuan Basin, is a region of intense rainfall and suffers from frequent debris flow hazards. There are many debris flow events in history in this region. In order to find the relationship between the background environment and rainstorm inducing debris flow, this paper focuses on debris flows in different spatial scales. We choose the west of Sichuan, Anning River and some debris flow gullies as the study objective. We try to explore the core problems concerning the forecasting and warning of debris flow based on the analysis of the background environment and comparisons between various spatial scales. The following conclusions can be drawn:(1) The critical rainfall value of debris flow is variable in large spatial scales, it can be described as rainfall isoline. Effective pre-storm accumulation is rather reliable for forecasting and warning of debris flow, as exemplified in the study area. A group of rainfall lines are given on various scales which may be taken as reference for debris flow warning.(2) At a given spatial scale, the triggering rainfall decreases as the hazard degree of the valley decreases. The average value of effective accumulative rainfall is roughly in inverse proportion to the hazard degree, especially in small scales;(3) Prestorm rainfall has different temporal effect on debris flow in different spatial scales. It is about 15 days in the west Sichuan; and 10 days in Anning River and 5 days for debris flow gullies. As the scale decreases, the cooperation of the effective pre-storm and the instantaneous triggering rainstorm is increasingly strong;(4) For regions of low hazard degree, the effective accumulation of pre-rainstorm is important while the instantaneous rainstorm is crucial for debris flow in the high hazard regions, this conclusion may be useful for debris flow hazard preventing;(5) Triggering rainfall varies with spatial scales. The average triggering rainfall increases as the scale decreases under the same hazard degree;(6) There is a common trend of accumulation of pre-storm rainfalls inducing debris flows, which is independent of the hazard degrees. (7) By analyzing average contribution rate of factors which influence regional hazard of debris flow, a new model based on Projection Pursuit Cluster method is established which relates the influencing factors. This may be a useful test for optimizing debris flow regional hazard assessment model.
学科主题灾害学
语种中文
公开日期2010-10-14
分类号X43;S15
源URL[http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/2201]  
专题成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储(2009年以前)
成都山地灾害与环境研究所_山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
苏鹏程. 川西地区暴雨泥石流多尺度预警模式[D]. 成都. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所. 2008.

入库方式: OAI收割

来源:成都山地灾害与环境研究所

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