泥石流对岩性的敏感性研究——以小江流域为例
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 张继 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2008 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 成都 |
| 导师 | 韦方强 |
| 关键词 | 岩性 泥石流 敏感性 欧氏距离 小江流域 |
| 其他题名 | Susceptibility Analysis of Debris Flow to Rocks |
| 学位专业 | 自然地理学 |
| 中文摘要 | 泥石流对岩性的敏感性是泥石流灾害评估和泥石流预测预报研究的核心内容之一。论文通过大量的野外考察和样品采集，利用颗分实验、直剪实验、渗透实验、塑液限实验等实验手段获取小江流域不同类型岩石的风化产物的物理力学及水理特征参数，分析其差异规律，确定各岩性对泥石流发育的影响程度大小；同时采用矿物示踪对典型流域进行物源分析，确定各岩性对泥石流的相对贡献率。将风化产物物理力学水理特征参数差异性分析结果同物源分析结果进行对比验证、综合分析，确定各岩性的敏感性值。然后，依托GIS技术，结合小江流域的泥石流分布，经统计分析，验证综合确定的各岩性的敏感性值的合理性，从而揭示泥石流对岩性的敏感性规律，为泥石流预报提供科学依据。通过该项研究，取得了以下结论和研究成果：（1）通过小江流域5个典型泥石流流域的不同岩性随高程变化的风化样品的野外采集，采用颗分实验、直剪实验、渗透实验和塑液限实验等实验分析，对小江流域的9种类型岩石的风化产物的物理机械组成、力学抗剪强度和水理渗透性能等方面的差异性进行了系统分析，并找出了其差异规律，为岩性的敏感性分析奠定了基础。（2）以典型泥石流流域的泥石流堆积的物理机械组成、力学抗剪强度和水理渗透特征为参照，以各岩性在典型调查流域的出露面积比率为系数，以欧氏距离为基础，构建了各岩性的敏感性计算公式，分别确定了以物理机械组成、力学抗剪强度和水理渗透特征为基础的各岩性的敏感性。（3）在基于物理机械组成、力学抗剪强度和水理渗透特征的泥石流对岩性的敏感性分析基础上，以主成分分析法为基础，综合确定了各岩性的敏感性，并经子流域泥石流敏感性统计分析验证，结果表明综合确定的敏感性能够较为合理地刻划岩性对泥石流的影响程度大小。（4）在采用X衍射分析方法系统分析各岩性风化产物和典型流域泥石流堆积的粘土矿物及其轻矿物组成的基础上，构建线性方程组模型，对泥石流堆积的来源进行示踪分析，定量确定了各岩性风化产物对泥石流堆积的贡献率，并以各岩性在典型泥石流域的出露面积比率为系数，定量确定了各岩性对泥石流形成的影响程度，子流域泥石流敏感性统计分析验证结果表明物源分析所确定的敏感性是较为客观合理的。（5）在系统分析基于物理力学及水理特征分析的泥石流对各岩性的敏感性和基于物源分析的泥石流对各岩性的敏感性的基础上，综合分析确定了泥石流对各岩性的敏感性值，其值由小到大依次为：玄武岩、泥质灰岩、白云岩、砂岩、第四纪冲洪积、粉砂岩、板岩、千枚岩、 泥岩。经子流域泥石流敏感性统计分析验证，利用综合分析确定的各岩性敏感性能够较好地解释小江流域敏感性各级别的泥石流分布，可为泥石流灾害评估和预测预报提供可靠的的数据支撑。本研究的创新之处在于以实验分析为基础，通过各岩性风化土体的物理力学及水理特征参数差异规律分析和泥石流堆积物物源分析相结合方法，建立了岩性对泥石流影响的定量评价方法，确定了泥石流对不同岩性的敏感性，为泥石流灾害评估和预测预报等提供了定量化的地层岩性分析评价基础。 |
| 英文摘要 | Susceptibility of debris flow to rocks is one of the key content of the evaluation and prediction of debris flow.Through numerous field survey and sampling, the characteristic parameters of physics , mechanics and hydrology can be tested by Sieving, Direct Shear and permeability test. Based on the analysis of the difference of the previous parameters, the influence of each rock upon debris flow are evaluated.The method of mineral tracing is taken to analyze the source of typical debris flow subravine in Xiaojiang, so as to quantitativly analyze the Contribution rate of rocks to debris flow. Then basen on the comparative analysis of the results through source analysis and difference analysis of physical , mechanical and hydrological characteristic parameters, the Susceptibilites of debris flow to different rocks can be syntheticaly analyzed . Moreover, based on geographical information system, combined with debris flow distribution of subravine, the reasonable of the susceptibility of debris flow to each rock are tested and the susceptibility rules of debris flow to different rocks can be revealed ,so that scientific basis can be provided to debris flow prediction .Several results and conclusions are as follows: (1) Weathering products of 9 kinds of rocks with different elevations in 5 debris flow valleys in upper, middle and lower reaches of Xiaojiang ravine are collected .The characteristic parameters of physics , mechanics and hydrology are tested by Sieving, Direct Shear , Permeability test and Liquid-plastic Limit Combined Test. Based on the synthetical analysis on the difference between these characteristic parameters, the rule of difference lied in the previous characteristic parameters are found to establish a basis for Susceptibilities analysis of debris flow to rocks.(2)Taking the physical , mechanical and hydrological characteristic parameters of debris flows in typical subravine as standard, and the rate of the outcrop area in the valley as coefficient, the formula of Susceptibilities is constructed through the Euclidean Distance. And then the Susceptibilities based on physical , mechanical and hydrological characteristic parameters are respectively calculated .(3)Based on the analysis upon the Susceptibilities form physical , mechanical shear strength and hydrological characteristic parameters analysis, Susceptibilities of debris flow to rocks are estimated by principal component analysis. Then they are tested by statistic analysis of Susceptibilities distribution of subravine. The results indicate the Susceptibilities from synthetically analysis on physical , mechanical shear strength and hydrological characteristic parameters can reasonable characterized the influence of rocks to debris flow.(4)Through X-ray diffraction analysis methods, clay mineral and light mineral content of weathering products and deposits in typical debris flow subravine are tested. Linear regression equations are built to analyze the source of deposits of debris flow ,thus the contribution rate of each rock to debris flow are quantitatively evaluated. And then the influence of each rock to debris flow are quantitatively evaluated by defined as the ratio of the contribution rate of each rock to the rate of the outcrop area in the valley . The result of statistic analysis of Susceptibilities distribution of subravine indicate the Susceptibilities evaluated from source analysis is reasonable.(5)By comprehensively analyed the Susceptibilities from physical , mechanical shear strength and hydrological characteristic parameters analysis and source analysis ,the Susceptibilities of rocks are synthetically evaluated ,and they are ascending sorted as follows: Basalt、Aregillaceous Limestomne、Dolomite、Sandstone、Quaternary Diposit、Siltstone、Slate、Phyllite、 Mudstone. The result of statistic analysis of Susceptibilities distribution of subravine indicate the susceptibilities of rocks to debris flow as previous can well explain the debris flow distribution in each susceptibilities grade, thus it may be helpful for the assessment of debris flow hazards and prediction of debris flow.The innovation of this study lies in the construction of the evaluation method on the influence of rocks to debris flow based on experiment and the combination of difference analysis to the physical , mechanical shear strength and hydrological characteristic parameters and source analysis of debris flow deposits ,as well as in the determine of Susceptibilities of debris flow to rocks. further more, it provides a quantitative analysis basis on stratum and lithology for the assessment of debris flow hazards and prediction of debris flow. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-10-15 |
| 分类号 | P64;X43 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/2208]  |
| 专题 | 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张继. 泥石流对岩性的敏感性研究——以小江流域为例[D]. 成都. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所. 2008. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：成都山地灾害与环境研究所
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