生态果园建设对土壤生态环境的影响研究——以安宁河流域西昌市北河生态果园为例
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 陈红 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2007 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 成都 |
| 导师 | 张丹 ; 殷义高 |
| 关键词 | 生态果园 建设 土壤生态环境 |
| 其他题名 | RESEARCH ON SOIL ECO-ENIRONMENT INFLUENCED BY ECOLOGICAL ORCHARD CONSTRUCTION |
| 学位专业 | 土壤学 |
| 中文摘要 | 本文以西昌市北河生态果园为例，对园内土壤与园外未开发荒地土壤的物理特性、化学特性、土壤微生物及热力状况进行了分析测定和比较，在方差分析和综合评价的基础上，针对生态果园目前存在的问题，提出了改善安宁河流域土壤肥力和农田小气候等方面的具体措施，为生态果园建设的进一步发展完善和在当地的推广应用提供了系统的理论数据和实践依据。主要结论如下。（1）通过对生态果园和荒地土壤物理特性的比较分析，得出生态果园建设极大地改善了土壤的物理特性。比一般耕地土壤容重偏高（1.52～1.66 g/cm3），比荒地土壤稍低。土壤孔隙度的比较表明，生态果园比园外荒地增加25.1～31.7%;土壤分散系数比较表明，生态果园比园外荒地降低了15.0～7.4%；结构系数比较，生态果园比荒地增加了2.2～7.0%；平均含水量比较，生态果园比荒地明显有所提高（41.7～144.2%）。（2）园内土壤有机质,全氮,全磷,全钾,有效氮,有效磷和有效钾分别高出荒地40.0～90.0%，35.1%～54.1%，35.3%～52.7%，2.5%～20.7%，41.5%～174.0%，65.6%～162.0%和61.7%～86.8%。在干季，各果园内的土壤有机质含量比荒地的有机质含量高37.9～206.9%。铁元素含量，生态果园平均低于荒地7.56%；锰元素含量，生态果园平均低于荒地24.8%，仅为全国土壤锰元素平均含量的一半左右；铜元素含量，生态果园平均低于荒地26.9%，显著高于全国土壤铜元素的平均含量，但远低于绿色食品对铜元素的限量要求；锌元素含量，生态果园平均低于荒地1.3%，比全国平均含量高3～4倍。（3）生态果园土壤和荒地土壤的微生物数量明显比常见土壤中的微生物少。但生态果园建设对土壤微生物数量的增加仍然有极大的贡献，果园中的土壤比荒地土壤的微生物数量有显著提高。细菌,放线菌数量在一定范围内随水分含量增加而增加，可分别用幂指数方程y=10-5╳X5.0811曲线和对数方程y=26.94Ln(X)-58.971曲线拟合。（4）生态果园对园内小气候调节作用极其明显。在10月翌年的4月旱季，果园内每月气温、地温均高于园外荒地（气温高1～3℃，地温高2～3℃）；在5 -10月的湿季，月平均地温，气温均低于园外荒地（地温降低0.5～4.2℃，气温低0.2～1.5℃），园内平均湿度比荒地提高了12.7%。针对安宁河流域的气候特征，提出了调节生态果园小气候的两大措施。一是进行合理的行向，密度和间作套种配置的科学栽种方式，二是结合适时，适量的灌溉方法。（5）通过模糊数学对土壤肥力进行综合评价表明，该生态果园处于肥力贫乏状态，土壤有机质低，缺氮少磷，园外荒地土壤肥力处于极度贫乏状态。建议该地区土壤在重施有机肥的同时，配合施加氮，磷和钾肥，合理套种绿肥。 |
| 英文摘要 | In case of the North River Ecological Orchard in Xichang in this article, the physics characteristic, chemistry characteristic, the soil microorganism and the thermodynamic energy conditions of soil that do not develop in wasteland outside of orchard and that of soil inside orchard are carried on the analytical measurement and comparisons. On the base of analysis of ANOVA and comprehensive evaluation, the concrete measures that to improve the fatty dint and farmland small weather are put forward. The theories data of the system and practice basis are provide to further construct the ecological orchard and expansion apply at the region. Main conclusion is as follows: (1) By the comparison and analytical to the physics characteristic of ecological orchard and wasteland soil, it is said that ecological orchard construction is able to improve physics characteristic of soil. the permit heavy is higher than compare the general farmland soil (1.52-1.66g/ cm3) and more slightly low than wasteland soil. The comparison of soil hole degree express that ecological orchard increases 25.1-31.7% than wasteland soil outside orchard; the soil dispersion coefficient compares express that ecological orchard lowered 15.0-7.4% than wasteland soil outside orchard; The structure coefficient compare express that ecological orchard increases 2.2-7.0% than wasteland soil outside orchard; Comparing the amount of contained water show that ecological orchard have exaltation obviously (41.7-144.2%) than that of wasteland soil. (2) The amount of the organic, whole N, whole P, whole K, valid N, valid P, valid K of soil inside orchard are higher 40~90%, 35.1~54.0%, 2.74~35.34%, 2.46~20.72%, 41.5~174 %, 65.6~162%, 61.74~86.78% than that of wasteland soil outside orchard. The organic content of soil in dry season is higher 39.7~206.9% than that of in clammy season. The iron in orchard soil is average lower 7.56 % than that of in wasteland soil; the manganese in orchard soil is average lower 24.8 % than that of in wasteland soil, it is only half of that of national soil average content; the copper in orchard soil is average lower 26.9% than that of in wasteland soil, the content of the copper shows more higher than that of the national soil, but it is away below the green food to the copper capacity request. the zinc in orchard soil is average lower1.32% than that of in wasteland soil. It is higher 300~400% than that of national soil average content. (3) The quantity of microorganism inside orchard is severity lower than that of standard soil. But the ecological orchard construction is very high contribution for enhancing the quantity of microorganism. In one scope, the quantity of bacteria and actinomycete has a Trends that increase with Humidity, can use the formula that y=10-5╳X-5.0811 and y=26.94Ln(X)-58.971 draw up to match the quantity relations between the bacteria , actinomycete and humidity. (4) The orchard regulates the Small weather inside obviously: In dry season that is October to April in the next year, the average air temperature and the soil's surface temperature are monthly higher than that of wasteland outside orchard(air temperature increases 1~3℃s monthly, the soil's surface temperature increases 2~3℃s monthly); in clammy season that is May-October, the average air temperature and the soil's surface temperature are both lower monthly than that of wasteland outside orchard(the soil's surface temperature is lowers 0.5-4.2 ℃s, air temperature is low 0.2-1.5 ℃s); the average degree of humidity inside orchard raise 12.7% compared with that of wasteland outside t orchard. aims at the weather characteristic of the Anning River area, two great measures to regulate the small weather for orchard are put forward: The planting scientist methods such as consider the direction, the density and partition, The irrigation measure in well time and right amount. (5) The comprehensive evaluation by misty mathematics show that: The organic is low, the N is lack and the P is little, the total fatty dint level is placed in Indigence degree, the fatty dint level of wasteland is placed in the extreme Indigence degree. It is requested that the region’s soil still needs the formulation infliction N, P, K and growth the soil fertility at the time of exerting heavy organic. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-10-20 |
| 分类号 | S66;S15 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/2240]  |
| 专题 | 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 陈红. 生态果园建设对土壤生态环境的影响研究——以安宁河流域西昌市北河生态果园为例[D]. 成都. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所. 2007. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：成都山地灾害与环境研究所
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