三峡库区开县消落带生态系统保护利用模式健康评价
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 刘坤 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2007 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 成都 |
| 导师 | 陈治谏 |
| 关键词 | 消落带 态系统环境健康评价 糊评价 态重建 护利用模式 |
| 其他题名 | The Health Assessment for the Ecosystem of Water-level-fluctuating Zone in Kai County, Reservoir Areas in the Three Gorges |
| 学位专业 | 自然地理学 |
| 中文摘要 | 三峡大坝建成后，由于水位的自然涨落，将会在库区两岸形成两条平行的永久性的消落带。由于特殊的涨落情况，消落带的生态非常脆弱，水土流失和富营养化的问题随着消落带面积的增大愈显严重，库岸如何保护、污染如何防治、生态系统功能如何得以保证等都成为亟待解决的重大难题。在这种情况下，建立三峡库区消落带可能的保护利用模式健康评价就显的尤为重要。本文对三峡库区消落带生态环境存在的主要问题进行了探讨，并针对开县消落带进行了不同利用模式下的生态系统健康评价。从本文分析可看出，指标体系的建立是三峡库区消落带利用模式健康评价的核心。本文按照消落带宏观生态系统健康评价指标体系，通过模糊评价，在宏观上预测可能的保护利用模式对开县消落带系统宏观健康状况的影响，从而为三峡库区消落带的管理提供决策依据。通过对开县消落带健康状态的预测评价，“人工湿地生态保护区模式”和“生态试验示范区模式”两种模式对开县消落带的健康状态影响是正面的，但前者在实施过程中需要较多的资金和政策支持，并可能需要成立相应的机构进行保护区监管和维护，因而提升了这种模式的政策成本，在推广上有一定的难度，然而“人工湿地生态保护区模式”对消落带生态环境健康方面有最大的好处，因此需要政府相关部门予以重视；“消落带护理建设模式”居中，而“自发性直接利用开发模式”对消落带的健康影响是负面的。从评价的结果来说，“生态试验示范区模式”是最佳的消落区保护利用模式，而“人工湿地生态保护区模式”由于其良好的生态保护功能，希望国家及当地政府能有选择的使用，同时以“消落带护理模式”为辅助，尽量避免库区移民或当地农民采用“自发性直接利用开发模式”。基于开县消落带特征及保护利用模式评价的结果，文章针对开县消落带提出了具体的保护及利用措施，旨在为当地有关部门提供决策依据。消落带系统健康评价指标的确定是一个非常复杂的问题，尤其是库区典型的消落带目前尚未完全形成，将本指标体系用于未来消落带系统健康状况现状评价的实践中，可能还会引入其它指标，可根据具体情况进行适当调整。对于建立适合于不同具体类型的消落带系统的健康评价指标体系还需要进一步深入研究。实施消落带植被生态工程最重要的是发挥植被的减灾功能，加固三峡库岸的稳定，使三峡水库能够顺利地运作。所以减灾是放在第一位的，经济功能等是指在首先实现减灾后的附加效应。不能本末倒置，否则不适宜的运作思路可能会导致不良后果。净化环境，保持三峡水库的水质也是消落带保护利用工程的一个重点，因为库区的水资源维持库区居民的生产生活，水质保障是相当重要的。因此在种植消落带植物的时候最好不要施用化肥和农药，否则反而会加重水资源的污染。关于消落带种植的物种需要进一步的研究，因为物种的适宜程度是消落带植被生态工程成功与否的关键之一。只有因地制宜地栽种才能最好地实现减灾、经济、净化和美化环境的功能，否则不但造成经济损失还会恶化库区的生态环境。由于消落带分布广，建议组织专家学者对如何治理污染，消落带适宜水生生物，特别是水下生长的植物，消落带重建模式进行研究；在消落带污染隐患极大的开县试点，研究各种模式的生态与经济功能。对库区消落带的生态重建，必须根据消落带的基本特点，因地制宜，采取不同的重建模式，最大限度地发挥消落带的功能，以保证三峡水库的长期健康运行。 |
| 英文摘要 | After the Three Gorges Project is completed, because of the spontaneous fluctuation of water level, a permanent water-level- fluctuating zone (WLFZ) will appear along with the both banks. WLFZ is an extraordinary and the most fragile zone with the increasing problem of Soil and Water Loss and Eutrophication. How to protect the banks, how to keep from pollution, and how to keep the function of ecosystem are the major problems to be solved now. It is important to establish the health assessment of preservation and utilization model in this special zone. In this thesis, it discusses the problems of ecological environment in the WLFZ of the Three Gorges and it assesses the eco-environment at different utilization models. Through analyzing, index system is the heart of the health assessment. According to the index system of the WLFZ macro-ecosystem assessment and the fuzzy evaluation, it anticipates the macro-ecosystem effects in Kai County, which is under the basis of different models. And at last it provides the bases of management in this zone. After the prediction and evaluation of the area of the WLFZ in Kai County, there are two positive models which are “the artificial wet land eco-reservation model” and “the ecological experimental demonstration area model”. “The protection and construction model” is either good or bad. “The directly spontaneous developing model” has the side-effect to the health in the WLFZ. In practice, “the artificial wet land eco-reservation model” needs much more money and policy supporting. Furthermore, it is likely to establish institution to protect, supervise and maintain the area, which increase the policy cost. Although it is hard to generalize this model, it has the greatest benefit to the health in the WLFZ ecosystem. For the evaluation, “the ecological experimental demonstration area model” is the best one. However, “the artificial wet land eco-reservation model” has a favorable eco – protection function. Therefore, I hope the nation and local government can use it selectively, assisted with “the protection and construction model”, which can avoid the reservoir resettlement and local farmers adopting “the directly spontaneous developing model”. On the base of the features of the WLFZ in Kai County, the article gives the specific preservation and utilization measures, altogether are good to the local government. The health assessment index of the WLFZ system is certainly a very complicated question, especially the characteristics of the WLFZ in reservoir area have not completely formed now. It will bring in other indices when using this index in future, as to this, you can adjust to it according to the situations. It needs more researches to establish different indices for different situations. Disaster mitigation is the most important function for enforcing vegetation ecology project in the WLFZ, which can reinforce the banks and make the reservoir operate smoothly in Three Gorges. Now we can see economic function and other functions are the addictive effects after realizing disaster mitigation. We cannot put the cart before the horse, or the unsuitable operation will lead to bad effects. Because the water resources maintain the domestic water, purifying environment and keeping the good water quality are the two important facts of preservation and utilization project. The quality of the water is so important that we’d better not use chemical fertilizers and pesticides to the vegetation in the WLFZ, otherwise it will worsen the water pollution. We need more researches on species in the WLFZ. Suitability of the species is the key to success. Only adjust measures to local conditions can realize the functions of disaster mitigation, economy, purifying environment best, otherwise, it will cause huge loss of economy and deterioration of the ecological environment in reservoir areas. The WLFZ is widely distributed and I advise expertise to work together to do researches on pollution control, adaptive hydrobiology (especially the underwater plants), and reconstruction model of the WLFZ. We can perform experiments in Kai County where was seriously polluted by the WLFZ and research the ecological and economical functions of different models. We must reconstruct the ecology in reservoir area under the base of essential features of the WLFZ. Suiting measures to local conditions and adopting different reconstruction models can play an utmost role on functions of the WLFZ, in order to, ensure the Three Gorges’ reservoirs are in health operation. |
| 学科主题 | 生态学 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-10-20 |
| 分类号 | X17;X22 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/2243]  |
| 专题 | 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 刘坤. 三峡库区开县消落带生态系统保护利用模式健康评价[D]. 成都. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所. 2007. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：成都山地灾害与环境研究所
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