岷江上游地区景观格局变化及其生态效应
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 满正闯 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2007 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 成都 |
| 导师 | 苏春江 |
| 关键词 | 景观 景观格局 生态效应 岷江上游 |
| 其他题名 | Landscape Pattern Change and Its Impact in The Upper Reaches of Minjiang River |
| 学位专业 | 自然地理学 |
| 中文摘要 | 岷江上游地区在长江上游生态安全格局中占有重要地位。由于近年来气候变化和强烈的人为破坏，生物多样性资源丧失严重，生态环境严重退化。以前对于岷江上游的研究主要围绕植物区系、植物资源、干旱河谷的植被恢复和生态重建问题等几个方面，而针对岷江上游景观方面的研究尚不多见。本文运用遥感、地理信息系统和景观生态学等理论和方法，根据岷江上游地区实际特点，选取了能较为客观反映该区景观格局变化的平均斑块面积（MPS）、边界密度（ED）、斑块密度（PD）、平均斑块形状指数（MSI）、面积加权平均斑块分维数（AWMPFD）等景观指数，研究分析了岷江上游地区1986～2000年的景观格局变化，并探讨因景观格局改变而产生的生态环境效应，主要取得了以下重要结论：（1）景观格局变化分析表明，1986～2000年，岷江上游地区耕地面积先增后减，整体呈增加趋势，增加5 198 hm2；林地面积持续减少，呈递减趋势，共减少19 998 hm2，占全区百分比减少0.81％，虽然相对减少值较小，但绝对却很大；草地面积持续增加，呈递增趋势，共增加14 684 hm2；整体景观的破碎度略有增加，景观趋于复杂化；多样性指数增加，景观类型间的差异增大；景观优势度降低，均匀度增加，表明林地和草地的优势度下降；耕地和建设用地的优势度增加，景观向均衡化发展。（2）岷江上游地区以林地和草地景观为主，其他景观类型所占比例很小，这反映出高山峡谷区的典型特点。2000年林地面积1 122 600 hm2，占全区总面积的45.40％；草地面积1 275 618 hm2，占全区总面积的51.59％。（3）山地系统景观格局变化与土地利用程度十分相关，有从低利用程度类型向高利用程度类型转化的大趋势。（4）经济效益增长潜力较大的景观类型增长较快。随着人口增长、经济发展和生产技术的进步，山地系统土地利用程度的整体水平在不断提高，其中经济效益增长潜力较大的景观类型以较快的增长率增加。 （5）景观类型之间存在相互转换关系，其中以林地、草地和耕地为主要相互转换类型。（6）岷江上游地区景观格局变化对其生态环境产生了很大的负面效应，主要表现为在水土流失现象严重；河川流量减小，洪峰流量增大；气候发生了明显的不良变化；干旱河谷干旱化、荒漠化逐渐加深，面积不断扩大；生物多样性减少；山崩、泥石流等地质灾害频繁等。 |
| 英文摘要 | The upper Minjiang River basin plays an important role in ecological pattern safety of Yangtze basin. As a result of global climate change and disturbance of human activities, bio-resource is severely losing and eco-environment bears grievous degradation. Previous research work about this region mainly concerns vegetal component, plantation resource, eco-reconstruction, and vegetal restoration et al, rare studies emphasize on landscape of upper Minjiang River basin. In this dissertation, remote sensing technology, geographical information system and theories and methods on landscape ecology have been employed in landscape pattern study. According to situation in Upper Minjiang River Basin, some landscape indices were integrated, including mean patch area (MPS), edge density(ED), patch density (PD), mean shape index (MSI), and area weighted mean patch fractal dimension (AWMPFD) et al. Based on above indices and methods, landscape pattern variation in upper Min basin during 1986~2000 has been analyzed, and its eco-environmental impact also been explored. Integrated above, following conclusions have been conducted.(1) During 1986~2000, farm land in upper Minjiang River basin increased at first, and then followed a decrease process. But, from the total, it increased, and the amount reaches 5,198 ha. For woodland, the area was reducing continuously; total amount came up to 19,998 ha, which was occupying 0.81% of the total. Through small in relative number, but was large one in absolute. Grassland experienced continuous increase, increased by 14,684 ha. Generally, fragmentation degree went up, diversity index rose, landscape dominance lowed down. It predicted complication trend, variance level and uniformization in this region.(2) Woodland and grassland are dominant landscape types in upper Minjiang River Basin, others account for a little. This combination reflected typical feature of mountainous and valley area. In 2000, area of woodland toke up 45.40% of total upper Min Basin, reached 1,122,600 ha, and grassland 51.59% and 1,275,618 ha respectively.(3) Landscape pattern variation in mountainous system closely connected to land use intensity. Landscape types in upper Minjiang River basin showed a trend from light land use intensity transiting to heavy land use intensity.(4) Landscape types with better economical profit rising potential showed rapid increase. With population growth, economy development and technological advance, land use intensity in mountainous system strengthened from entire view, landscape types providing more economical benefit increased more.(5) There was mutual transition among landscape types, and mainly among woodland, grassland and farmland.(6) Landscape pattern variation impacted on eco-environment of upper Minjiang River basin negatively. Aggregation of water and soil loss, reduction of run off, frequent flood, debris-flows, landslide, negative climate change, drought of dry-hot valley, eco-degradation, expansion of desert, and reduction of bio-diversity et al. |
| 学科主题 | 生态学 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-10-20 |
| 分类号 | X17;F06 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/2252]  |
| 专题 | 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 满正闯. 岷江上游地区景观格局变化及其生态效应[D]. 成都. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所. 2007. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：成都山地灾害与环境研究所
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