基于RS和GIS技术的三峡库区土壤侵蚀动态监测——以开县为例
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 聂勇
|
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2007 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 成都 |
| 导师 | 范建容 |
| 关键词 | RS GIS 土壤侵蚀 动态监测 |
| 学位专业 | 自然地理学 |
| 中文摘要 | 三峡库区一直被认为是我国水土流失最严重的地区之一，本区的土壤侵蚀问题是关注的热点，通过遥感和地理信息系统技术快速的监测该区域的土壤侵蚀具有重要的意义。既可以评估实施多年的生态建设工程的功效，又能为当地的水土流失规划治理提供科学的依据，改善生态环境，进一步确保三峡工程和长江中下游的生态安全。本文选择三峡库区腹地的开县为研究对象，引入遥感和地理信息系统技术，结合野外实地调查，快速监测开县的土壤侵蚀动态变化。以1988年到2004年的3期遥感影像数据为信息源，监督分类结合人机交互解译修正的方法获取土地利用信息；利用NDVI和像元二分模型两种方法提取植被覆盖度信息，先从TM影像提取NDVI，然后利用像元二分模型方法得到植被覆盖信息；应用DEM自动提取坡度，获得坡度信息。通过建立土壤侵蚀强度评判模型，快速评判得到三期土壤侵蚀强度分布数据，利用GIS空间分析功能分析开县的土壤侵蚀动态变化规律，及土壤侵蚀动态变化与土地利用、植被覆盖变化的耦合关系。主要研究结果如下：（1）应用遥感和地理信息系统技术，可以快速有效的监测大范围的土壤侵蚀变化，查明土壤侵蚀的变化状况和发展趋势。（2）整体上，开县的水土流失状况有所改善。监测结果表明：土壤侵蚀总面积和侵蚀强度都有所下降。1988年、2000年和2004年土壤侵蚀的总面积分别为2593.24 km2、2382.18 km2和2337.05 km2；中度以上侵蚀（含中度侵蚀）在相应侵蚀等级的面积都有所下降。（3）总体上，土壤侵蚀变化呈现良性转化趋势，局部区域出现土壤侵蚀加剧的现象，需要对这些区域加强监督和治理。（4）土地利用、植被覆盖度变化对土壤侵蚀变化有紧密的关系。旱地面积明显减少，林草地面积显著增加，有利于减少水土流失。旱地面积从1988年2064.71 km2下降到2000年的1906.50km2，减少了158.21km2；从2000年的1906.50km2到2004的1819.78km2年减少了86.72km2。林草地的总面积2000年比1988年增加了143.64 km2，从2000年到2004年增加了75.61 km2。16年来，平均植被覆盖度呈上升趋势，植被变化有利于水土保持。平均植被覆盖度在2000年比1988年上升了2.5%，平均植被覆盖度在2004年比2000年增长了1.01%。 |
| 英文摘要 | The Three Gorges Reservoir region is considered as one of the most severely eroded regions in China, and the soil erosion in this region has been closely concerned by government and researchers. It is meaningful to rapidly monitor soil erosion in the area using the technique of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system(GIS), as it can be used to assess the achievements of engineering of ecological construction carried on over the past few decades, to provide the scientific basis for the measures and plannings of soil and water conservation, to improve the ecological environment and ensure the ecological safety in the middle and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and to give a potential protection for the Three Gorges Project.In this dissertation, Kaixian County, situated in the hinterland of the Three Gorges region, was selected as the case study. Soil erosion was investigated and monitored dynamically and rapidly based on field survey and the technique of RS and GIS. On the basis of TM images in three different periods from 1988 to 2004, the information of land uses in the three periods was derived by using artificial, visual interpretation and supervised classification. The vegetation cover was obtained by using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and dimidiate pixel model. First, NDVI was extracted from TM images, and the vegetation fraction data were estimated from NDVI through the dimidiate pixel model. The slope ranking map was derived from DEM. Finally, the soil erosion intensity map was gained quickly through the judgment model established on soil erosion intensity; the analysis and appraisal of dynamical soil erosion changes and the coupling relationship between dynamical soil erosion changes, land use and vegetation cover changes were carried out. The main study results and conclusions of this research are as follows:By using the technique of RS and GIS, the situation of soil erosion can be monitored rapidly and effectively, which was consisted of soil erosion changes and trends.The total area of soil erosion and the intensity of erosion were both reduced. As a whole, the soil and water loss had decreased. The total eroded areas in 1988, 2000 and 2004 were 2593.24km2, 2382.18km2 and 2337.05km2 respectively. The area of the middle erosion risk degree and above had descended among their corresponding erosion areas.The analysis of the conversion matrix of soil erosion showed the conversion of soil erosion became in general favorable for soil and water conservation. However, soil erosion in some special areas went worse, where drastic measures should be taken for soil and water conservation and supervision should be enforced.There was close relationship between the change in soil erosion, land use and vegetation cover. For instance, the visible decrease of dry land areas which reduced by 158.21km2 from 2064.71 km2 in 1988 to 1906.50km2 in 2000 and reduced by 86.72km2 from 1906.50km2 in 2000 to 1819.78km2 in 2004, and the remarkable increase of the total areas of forest land and grass land which was added by 143.64 km2 from 1988 to 2000 and added by 75.61km2 from 2000 to 2004 were in favor of soil and water conservation. In the past 16 years, the average vegetation cover rate increased by 2.5% from 1988 to 2000 and by1.01% from 2000 to 2004, which was also in favor of soil and water conservation. |
| 学科主题 | 水土保持学 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-10-21 |
| 分类号 | S15;F30 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/2256]  |
| 专题 | 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前） 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_数字山地与遥感应用中心 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 聂勇. 基于RS和GIS技术的三峡库区土壤侵蚀动态监测——以开县为例[D]. 成都. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所. 2007. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：成都山地灾害与环境研究所
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