中国山区发展与山区聚落宜居性评价研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 高延军 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2007 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 成都 |
| 导师 | 陈国阶 |
| 关键词 | 中国 山区发展 山区聚落 宜居性评价 |
| 其他题名 | Assessment to Mountain Regions development and Mountain Settlements Habitablity, China |
| 学位专业 | 自然地理学 |
| 中文摘要 | 本论文山区聚落指山区县范围内的行政村，包括一般行政村和中心村（乡镇所在地行政村），及其下辖的散居农户、自然村、村民小组。我国山区面积广大，山区聚落类型复杂。在未来发展上，山区聚落要实现生存空间向宜居空间的转变，要建设宜居环境。论文以县为基本统计单元，对山区发展对区域发展不平衡、山区聚落与山区发展的关系、当前山区聚落模式对山区发展的影响作了深入分析，在构建山区聚落宜居性评价体系基础上，从省份、山系、典型聚落三个层次对我国山区聚落的宜居性进行了总体评价： 1. 山区发展落后是我国区域发展不平衡的主要贡献者。全国层面上，山区县人均经济量、人均经济增长量、人均经济增长速率均小于丘陵县、平原县，且经济差距呈扩大趋势；东中西部内山区县经济社会发展态势均落后于丘陵县、平原县；东中西部间及内部山区县均是国家级贫困县的主体，尤其是西部山区县；以浙江、湖南、甘肃三省份为案例，证实了在三省间及内部山区县与丘陵县、平原县的均存在巨大经济社会发展差距，经济差距主要来源于非农产业的差距。 2.明确了山区聚落模式是我国山区发展滞后的重要原因。在山区聚落密度上，地带上东、中部省份明显大于西部省份，地势上第三阶梯山系、第二阶梯山系明显大于第一阶梯山系；乡镇密度呈现类似规律，对于城市数量少的西部山区和第一阶梯山系来讲，山区聚落普遍缺少经济发展中心。山区聚落的小农经济发展模式，及山区所特有的小规模、低密度人口分布模式，使其不能形成有效的社会组织和经济联系，不能构建现代产业体系，致使山区发展滞后。 3.山区聚落的分散分布模式不利于山区发展。山区聚落分散主要表现为聚落本身分散、聚落内农户分散、人口分散和耕地分散，这些不利于山区基础设施建设，不利于山区社会公共资源的利用，不利于山区农业产业化的实现，不利于山区生态建设和环境污染治理。 4.在构建宜居性评价体系的基础上，以山区县为基本单元，以28个省份和43条主要山系为评价单元，对宏观（中观）背景山区聚落宜居性的地域分异状况进行了总体评价；以7个不同地域典型山区聚落为案例，对个体山区聚落的宜居性进行了综合评价；从经济、环境、社会发展、基础设施四个方面分别对省份背景山区聚落、山系背景山区聚落、典型山区聚落宜居的主要影响因子进行了分析，提出了不同层次山区聚落宜居建设的主要方向。 |
| 英文摘要 | Mountain settlements, including the common villages and central villages( towns or townships seat) and the affiliated individual farmhouses, hamlets and villager groups in the district, are the administrative villages in the mountain counties of China. To the mountain settlements, the transformation from living units to habitability units must be in achieving in the future.The dissertation analyzed the impact of mountain regions development to the regional imbalance status of China, the relationships between mountain settlements and mountain regions development, and the negative impact to the development of mountain regions. Based on establishing the habitability assessment system, the dissertation assessed the habitability of the provinces, the main mountains and representative mountain settlements, and achieved the following : 1.The lagged economic-social development of mountain regions was the key contributor to regional imbalance status of China. The per capita economic value, the per capita added value and the per capita economic value increasing rate of mountain counties were all smaller than those of hill counties and mountain counties respectively, and the differences extended. In the eastern parts, the middle parts and the western parts, the mountain counties were the main of poverty-stricken counties in each parts.Making Zhejiang, Hunan and Gansu as the case studies, the dissertation indicated that the economic differences of mountain counties were mainly from the off-farm industries. 2. The mountain settlements pattern was a major factor to the lagged development of China’s mountain regions. On the mountain settlements density, the eastern parts and the middle parts were much more than those of the western parts, the Qing-Tibet plateau were the minimum, including Qinghai, Tibet and Xinjiang, and the third terrain mountains and the second terrain mountains were much more than those of the first terrain mountains. To the western mountain areas and the first terrain mountains,the mountain settlements were in shortage of economic centers, including cities, towns and townships. The scattered pattern, shortage of plantation and little land environmental capacity of mountain settlements brought the smallholders economic pattern, which was negative to the establishment of service system and modern industries, was the main factor to the lagged economic-social development of mountain regions. 3.The scattered spatial distribution of mountain settlements was negative to mountain regions development. The scattered distribution pattern of mountain settlements, including the scattered settlements, the scattered individual farmhouses in the settlements, the scattered population and plantation, was negative to the road infrastructure construction, the use of social public service, the agricultural industrialization development, the ecological reconstruction and the environmental pollution control and renovation. 4. Based on establishing the habitability assessment system, the dissertation assessed the 28 provinces and 43 mountains habitability background, and summarized the habitability differences among the different districts, then made the 7 representative settlements as the case studies, and appraised the general habitability of individual settlements, then analyzed the main factors from economy, environment, social development and infrastructure, and gave the rebuilding direction from 3 different zones background. |
| 学科主题 | 人文地理学 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-10-21 |
| 分类号 | TU9;F32 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/2259]  |
| 专题 | 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 高延军. 中国山区发展与山区聚落宜居性评价研究[D]. 成都. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所. 2007. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：成都山地灾害与环境研究所
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