中国水土保持生态修复分区及治理措施研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 第宝锋 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2007 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 成都 |
| 导师 | 崔鹏 |
| 关键词 | 中国 水土保持 生态修复 分区 治理措施 |
| 学位专业 | 自然地理学 |
| 中文摘要 | 本文以全国（除台湾、海域）为研究对象，在对中国水土流失的分布、特征、危害及成因，中国水土流失治理现状和水土保持生态修复现状及存在问题，生态修复适宜性条件等进行综合分析的基础上，开展中国水土保持生态修复分区及治理措施研究。取得如下成果：1、根据地带性分异规律，进行水土保持生态修复适宜性分析，划分了四种类型：即完全适宜型、基本适宜型、较难适宜型和极难适宜型。2、参考我国各类生态及自然区划成果，分析生态修复的适宜性条件，根据分异性、地带性、等级性、共轭性、主导因子及县域完整性等原则，选择气候、植被、土壤、地貌、土壤侵蚀类型、人口密度等关键性因子，采用GIS技术，通过因子叠加的分析方法和自上而下的分区方法，划分出了全国水土保持生态修复分区图（共14个生态修复区）。3、在综合分析14个生态修复区的自然地理条件、社会经济状况及水土流失现状基础上，提出了各区水土保持生态修复重点及主要措施。4、根据不同生态修复类型区，通过生态修复成功与失败的典型实例分析得出：只有在尊重自然地理分异规律的基础上，按照不同区域生态修复的适宜性条件，采取自然修复与人工治理相结合的措施，才能更好发挥生态系统的自组织和自协调能力，加速退化生态系统修复。5、构建了以县级行政区（2550个）为单元的全国2000年水土流失状况（第三次遥感普查数据）与基础经济社会指标（2000年统计数据）专题数据库，为进一步研究提供了较为全面、详实的数据基础。6、从自然因素和人为因素两方面分析了水土流失的成因。自然因素中：土壤及其母质状况为水土流失提供了侵蚀源并决定着土壤的可侵蚀性程度；流体应力（降水、风）及地形坡度是水土流失的动力条件；覆被条件一方面表现为对侵蚀源的保护作用，另一方面是通过调节侵蚀动力条件而影响水土流失强度。人为因素中：农业生产中过度利用资源，导致植被破坏，坡耕地的大量存在，加剧了水土流失；工程建设中重开发、轻保护，造成人为水土流失严重；监督管理措施及机制、体制尚未健全，影响了水土保持的效率。 |
| 英文摘要 | The study area of this paper is the whole country except Taiwan and maritime space. Based on integrated analysis of the distribution, characteristics, harms and the reasons of soil erosion in China, the paper carries on the studying about China’s ecological restoration area division, soil erosion prevention and management measures. Then, getting some conclusions as follows: 1. According to the principle of the zone, this paper makes the feasibility analysis of ecological restoration. Then carves up four feasible ecological recovery types:①Suitable for ecological restoration type: including the Mountain regions of the Northeast (Changbai Mountain district), to the southern Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River, the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and water- soil conservation forest zone, source of water nourish and cherish forest zone, scenic spot, etc.②Basic suitable ecological restoration type: including the Northern China Plain, Northeastern plain, Wei river plain and eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.③Relatively difficult suitable ecological restoration type: including Plateau of the Inner Mongol, loess plateau, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, hills, southern karst mountain region and southwest, Tian Mountains and granite of southern China dry-hot valley. ④Difficult suitable ecological restoration type: including Xinjiang, desert districts and Gobi deserts, western Inner Mongol and northwestern part of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. 2. Combining various ecological and natural regionalization achievements, adopting GIS technology, and abiding by the principle of heterogeneity, zonation, grade, conjugacy, primary factor and county land integrity, then choose the key actors, divided the national area into 14 second-level ecological restoration regions by the way of adopt superposed analytical method and superincumbent partitioned method.3. This paper analyzes the different restore zone characters and suitable conditions, defines the different emphasis of the different regions of ecological restoration and deploys the relevant restore measure.4. According to the different feasibility ecological restoration types, and based on the analysis of typical successful and fail examples of ecological restoration, we can fetch that: only based on the respect for principle of the zone, combining natural restoration and manual measures by the ecological restoration area division is the better way to exert the ecosystem’s ability of self- organizing and self- corresponding, speed up the restoration of degradation ecosystem.5. Establishing the data bases of national country 2000 year soil erosion state (the third remote sensing census data) and foundational social economic indicators (2000 year statistics data) that based on the administrative area at counties level (2550)，then the paper offers more comprehensive, specific and accurate data foundation for further studying.6. This paper has analyzed the causes of soil erosion from two respects of the natural factors and human factors. In the natural factors: Soil and matrix state have offered for soil erosion and corroded the source and determined very aggressive intensity of the soil; Motive force condition that precipitation and to geographical slope are soil erosion; covering condition shown as the protective action which corrodes the source, while influencing the intensity of soil erosion through regulating and corroding the motive force condition by the condition. In the human factors: utilizing resources in agricultural production excessively, leads to vegetation destroy, which existing in a large amount of the slope cultivated land, have aggravated soil erosion; rapid developing while paying insufficient attention to protecting in engineering construction, cause seriously artificial soil erosion; Supervising control measures, mechanism, and system is not being sound yet, then influences the efficiency of water and soil conservation. |
| 学科主题 | 水土保持学 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-10-21 |
| 分类号 | S15;S2 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/2261]  |
| 专题 | 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 第宝锋. 中国水土保持生态修复分区及治理措施研究[D]. 成都. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所. 2007. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：成都山地灾害与环境研究所
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