泥石流缝隙坝拦砂性能基础研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 韩文兵 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2007 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 成都 |
| 导师 | 欧国强 |
| 关键词 | 缝隙坝 砾石型泥石流 一般型泥石流 泥砂流出比 贮砂率 流木 |
| 学位专业 | 自然地理学 |
| 中文摘要 | 缝隙坝是泥石流治理经常采用的工程措施之一，然而目前缝隙坝的设计多以设计者的经验来确定参数，缺乏足够的依据。因此，泥石流缝隙坝的拦砂性能，是当前迫切需要解决的关键问题之一。本文通过拦砂性能各指标影响因素分析和水槽实验等研究手段，系统分析了泥石流缝隙坝和切口坝（缝隙坝的一种特殊形式）的拦砂性能并与实体坝进行了对比分析，并尝试性探讨了流木对缝隙坝拦砂性能的影响，初步得到以下结论：1.闭塞类型和临界条件（1）闭塞类型缝隙坝和切口坝有三种闭塞类型：全闭塞、部分闭塞和不闭塞。（2）临界条件砾石型泥石流：b/d95≤1.1时，切口全闭塞；1.1＜b/d95＜2.3时，切口部分闭塞；b/d95≥2.3时，切口不闭塞。一般型泥石流：b/d95≤1.1时，切口全闭塞；1.1＜b/d95＜2.0时，切口部分闭塞；b/d95≥2.0时，切口不闭塞。2.通过拦砂性能各指标的影响因素分析，确定主要影响因素，在水槽实验基础上，经多元回归分析建立了缝隙坝的泥砂浓度比、泥砂流出比、坝体贮砂率、淤砂长度和淤砂坡度的计算式． 3.通过实验研究了缝隙坝和切口坝对泥石流流量的调节功能。实验结果显示：对于砾石型泥石流，本实验条件下缝隙坝可削减泥石流龙头平均流量约64～81%、切口坝38～74%；对一般型泥石流，缝隙坝可削减泥石流龙头平均流量约20～58%、切口坝35～53%。4.实验结果表明流木通过缝隙坝切口部时大致随流木长度和规模的增大，流木拦截率和贮砂率逐渐增高，泥砂流出率明显减小的特征。5.利用实测资料对砾石型泥石流缝隙坝淤砂坡度公式和一般型泥石流缝隙坝淤砂坡度公式进行了验证，其精度分别为90%和83%，说明两计算式比较合理。 |
| 英文摘要 | Slit dam is prevalent countermeasure in debris flow preventing engineering. But it still lacks sufficient theoretical basis in design. in order to perfect the design method of slit dam, a series of flume experiments have been conducted to research the intercepting sediment characteristics of slit dam, such as blocked condition and types, discharge process, variation of sediment size distribution, sediment outflow ratio, sediment concentration ratio, sediment trap efficiency, And analyzed the experiment results as fellows: Firstly, the dissertation discussed the blocked type and condition of multi-slit dam and single slit dam: (ⅰ) According to the experiment results, there are 3 kinds of blocked types of multi-slit dam and single-slit dam. That is total-blocked type, part-blocked type and opening.（a）blocked condition that stony debris flow passing through a multi-slit dam and single slit dam: as b/d95≤1.1，slit is total-blocked type； (b) as 1.1＜b/d95＜2.3，slit is part-blocked type；as b/d95≥2.3，slit is opening. (c)blocked condition that general debris flow passing through a multi-slit dam and single slit dam: as b/d95≤1.1，slit is total-blocked type；as 1.1＜b/d95＜2.0，slit is part-blocked type；as b/d95≥2.0，slit is opening.Secondly, according to the primary influenced factor analysis of intercepting sediment capability index and flume experiment data, constituted equation of the sediment outflow ratio, sediment concentration ratio, sediment trap efficiency, silted sediment length, silted sediment gradient by multiple regression analysis． Thirdly, experiment discussed variation of mean debris flow forefront discharge: (a)In the experiments, it can put down the mean debris flow forefront discharge which stony debris flow passing through multi-slit dam and single slit dam. Multi-slit dam can put down 64%～81% as slit width from 1cm to 4cm;single-slit dam can put down 38%～74% as slit width from 1cm to 4cm.（b）In the experiments, it can put down the mean debris flow forefront discharge which general debris flow passing through multi-slit dam and single slit dam. Multi-slit dam can put down 20%～58% as slit width from 1cm to 4cm;single-slit dam can put down 35%～53% as slit width from 1cm to 4cm。Fourthly, according the experiment results, with floated wood length and scales increasing, floated wood and sediment trap efficiency gradually increased too, but sediment outflow gradually decreases.Fifthly，Validated the silted sediment gradient equations of stony debris flow and general debris flow using measured data in field, their precision are 90% and 83% respectively, so we can consider that the equation of silted sediment gradient is rational. |
| 学科主题 | 灾害学 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-10-21 |
| 分类号 | P64;TD8 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/2271]  |
| 专题 | 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 韩文兵. 泥石流缝隙坝拦砂性能基础研究[D]. 成都. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所. 2007. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：成都山地灾害与环境研究所
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