中国科学院机构知识库网格
Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid
滑面化学力学形成机理的实验研究

文献类型:学位论文

作者赵宇
学位类别博士
答辩日期2005
授予单位中国科学院研究生院
授予地点北京
导师崔鹏
关键词滑面形成机理 微结构和成分 抗剪强度 应力溶蚀 力学化学自催化
其他题名Study on Chemo-Mechanical Experiments of Slip-Surface Formation
学位专业自然地理
中文摘要滑坡是由滑面抗剪强度从峰值降到残余值引起的,滑坡破裂面形成贯通、滑面强度降低是一个长期的物理-化学力学过程,与之对应的是斜坡的长期强度问题。对此过程的研究是滑坡发生机理研究的核心。我们根据固体力学化学理论,用微形态分析、土力学和化学动力学相结合的方法,研究力与水协同作用下土体抗剪强度下降机理。研究共包括了三方面的实验:1滑面、滑体土化学成分、粘粒含量及微结构分析;2重塑土长期强度和微结构分析,并与实际滑面的微形态特征对比;3用常规和开放-流动体系化学动力学试验模拟矿物、土在滑面形成时的力学化学环境,分析反应速度变化及其力学化学意义。实验证实:1滑面强度降低是从微结构变化开始的,风化导致滑面上钾流失,钙、镁、铁氧化物溶蚀,使滑面抗剪强度降低。作为滑面标志物的蒙脱石,在滑面上的含量往往高于邻近面,滑面矿物结晶度和有序度较邻近面差;2 重塑土在压力和弱酸作用下抗剪强度、微型态随时间演化,且存在对应关系。变化程度依序为蒙脱土>高龄土>伊利土,强度降低主要是由于作为重塑土胶结物的粘土矿物上离子的交换和流失,导致粒间充填疏松,表现出明显的化学力学强度效应;3土、矿物溶解速率与其表面能、应力正相关,表现出明显的力学化学效应。此外,溶液性质和流动速度也会影响溶解速度。溶蚀速度除受表面反应控制外,在一定条件下,还和扩散速度有关。总的研究显示,滑面裂隙尖端集中应力和地下水的协同作用,将导致滑面胶结物(易溶盐、粘土矿物)溶解速度增加(力学化学自催化效应),强度迅速下降。本文从宏观和微观相结合的角度研究滑面形成机理,为未来对两种不同尺度研究定量对照分析打下实验基础。
英文摘要Abstract Landslide occurs usually at the fall of shear strength of slip surface from peak to the residual value. And the formation and extension of the broken surface, and the decrease of the strength, are durable and in chemo-physical complexity, corresponding to the long-term strength of the slope. Studies on such processes are the central problem in landslide occurrence. This research focuses on the co-actions of water and force on the shear strength reduction in terms of chemo-dynamics and in combination with micro-state analysis. Experiments have been conducted on three aspects: 1) clay content and chemical composition of slip surface and micro-state comparison; 2) relations between long-term strength of soil and micro-state, accounting for the decrease of slip surface; 3) simulation of mechanical and chemical conditions of the minerals and soils in the formation of slip surface and analysis of reaction mechanism. Results are as follows: 1) content of montmorillonite is remarkably higher and the mineral crystallization is of much disorder in slip surface than in non-sliding surface; 2) long-term strength and microstate vary with time under weak acid and pressure conditions and the variation decreases from montmorillonite to illite to kaoline sand; 3) dissolution experiments of kinetics and open flowing system reveals that the dissolution rates of mineral and soil are positively correlated to surface energy and load of the grains, that confirms there exists auto-catalysis in a certain range of pressure and alkalinity and acidity. This is the central point in the study. We’ve at the first time achieved the dissolution experiments of minerals and soils in the open flowing system.
学科主题自然地理学
公开日期2011-07-15
分类号U41.7
源URL[http://192.168.143.20:8080/handle/131551/3281]  
专题成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储(2009年以前)
成都山地灾害与环境研究所_山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
赵宇. 滑面化学力学形成机理的实验研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2005.

入库方式: OAI收割

来源:成都山地灾害与环境研究所

浏览0
下载0
收藏0
其他版本

除非特别说明,本系统中所有内容都受版权保护,并保留所有权利。